List of Biosensors by Class

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Target/BS Name	Source	Readout Mech	Family	Readout of...	Comments
Acetylation/Methylation
DNA methylation
DNA methylation BiAD sensor	Lungu C et al. Nat Commun 2017	Intensity	DNA methylation BiAD	other	Fluorescence complementation sensor for live cell detection of DNA methylation at defined genomic sites.
H3K9me3
H3K9me3 BiAD sensor	Lungu C et al. Nat Commun 2017	Intensity	H3K9me3 BiAD	binding	Fluorescence complementation sensor for live cell detection of H3K9me3 at defined genomic sites.
Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Phases
Fucci	Sakaue-Sawano A et al. Cell 2008	Intensity	Fucci	other	degradation of tagged fluorescent protein is readout of cell cycle progression
NIR cell cycle reporter	Shcherbakova DM et al. Nat Commun 2016	Intensity	Fucci	other
NIR Fucci	Rodriguez EA et al. Nat Methods 2016	Intensity	Fucci	other
S/G2/M-X(NC)	Sakaue-Sawano A et al. Chem Biol 2008	Intensity	Fucci	other	degradation of tagged fluorescent protein is readout of cell cycle progression, but not exclusively nuclear localized which may be useful to quantify cell morphology
Fucci2	Sakaue-Sawano A et al. BMC Cell Biol 2011	Intensity	Fucci	other
Fucci2.1	Nishimura K et al. PLoS One 2013	Intensity	Fucci	other
Fucci4	Bajar BT et al. Nat Methods 2016	Intensity	Fucci	other
Fucci(CA)2.1	Sakaue-Sawano A et al. Mol Cell 2017	Intensity	Fucci	other
zFucci	Sugiyama M et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009	Intensity	Fucci	other	optimized for zebrafish
TNNT2-FUCCI	Murganti F et al. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022	Intensity	Fucci	other	for iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
FUCCI-Red	De Souza C et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021	FLIM	Fucci	other
Ki67p-FUCCI	Zambon AC et al. Physiol Genomics 2020	Intensity	Fucci	other	Ki67 proximal promoter enables expression only when cell cycle is entered, excluding quiescent and nondividing cells
G1 Phase
G1 Phase Biosensor	Hahn AT et al. Cell Cycle 2009	Translocation	G1 Phase Biosensor	other
S Phase
S Phase Biosensor	Hahn AT et al. Cell Cycle 2009	Translocation	S Phase Biosensor	other
PCNA-mRuby	Zerjatke T et al. Cell Rep 2017	Intensity	S Phase Biosensor	other
Cell Environment
Mechanical Strain
HP35-TS	Austen K et al. Nat Cell Biol 2015	FRET	HP35	other	7 pN transition
HP35st-TS	Austen K et al. Nat Cell Biol 2015	FRET	HP35	other	10 pN transition
PriSSM	Iwai S and Uyeda TQ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008	Excitation Ratiometric	PriSSM	other	Proximity Imaging (PRIM)
stFRET	Meng F et al. FEBS J 2008	FRET	stFRET	other
cpstFRET	Meng F and Sachs F J Cell Sci 2012	FRET	stFRET	other
sstFRET	Meng F and Sachs F J Cell Sci 2011	FRET	stFRET	other
TSMod	Grashoff C et al. Nature 2010	FRET	TSMod	other
TSMod F25	Brenner MD et al. Nano Lett 2016	FRET	TSMod	other
VinTS	Brenner MD et al. Nano Lett 2016	FRET	TSMod	other
VinTL	Brenner MD et al. Nano Lett 2016	FRET	TSMod	other
FL-TSM	Ringer P et al. Nat Methods 2017	FRET	TSMod	other
Molecular crowding
CrGE	Boersma AJ et al. Nat Methods 2015	FRET	CrGE	other
CrGE2.3	Mouton SN et al. Elife 2020	FRET	CrGE	other
CRONOS	Miyagi T et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021	FRET	CrGE	other
Crowding sensor	Boersma AJ et al. Nat Methods 2015	FRET	Crowding sensor	other
pH
deGFP family	Hanson GT et al. Biochemistry 2002	Emission Ratiometric	deGFP	other
Dendra2	Pakhomov AA et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017	Ratiometric	Dendra	other	Green to red intensity ratio after photoconversion
ClopHensor	Arosio D et al. Nat Methods 2010	Ratiometric	Dual pH and Cl sensor	other	Also senses Cl-
E^2GFP	Bizzarri R et al. Biophys J 2006	Ratiometric	E^xGFP	other
E^1GFP	Arosio D et al. Biophys J 2007	Ratiometric	E^xGFP	other
FluBpH 5.7	Rupprecht C et al. J Biotechnol 2017	FRET	FluBpH	other
FluBpH 6.1	Rupprecht C et al. J Biotechnol 2017	FRET	FluBpH	other
FluBpH 7.5	Rupprecht C et al. J Biotechnol 2017	FRET	FluBpH	other
mtAlpHi	Abad MF et al. J Biol Chem 2004	Intensity	mtAlpHi	other
EGFP	Kneen M et al. Biophys J 1998	Intensity	Native FP pH Sensitivity	other
EYFP	Llopis J et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998	Intensity	Native FP pH Sensitivity	other
mNect	Johnson DE et al. J Biol Chem 2009	Intensity	Native FP pH Sensitivity	other
CFP-YFP pH FRET	Hellwig N et al. J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	Native FP pH Sensitivity	other
pHVenus	Tojima T et al. Nat Neurosci 2007	Intensity	Native FP pH Sensitivity	other
FIRE-pHLy	Chin MY et al. ACS Sens 2021	Emission Ratiometric	Native FP pH Sensitivity	other	mTFP1 to mCherry emission ratio
pH-Lemon	Burgstaller S et al. ACS Sens 2019	FRET	Native FP pH Sensitivity	other
pHLIM	Rennick JJ et al. Nat Commun 2022	FLIM	Native FP pH Sensitivity	other
pHaROS	Zhao H et al. J Biol Chem 2019	Excitation Ratiometric	pHaROS	other	ratio of green and red fluroescence intensities upon excitation by 488 or 561nm
pHaROS-red	Zhao H et al. J Biol Chem 2019	Excitation Ratiometric	pHaROS	other	pH sensitivity in the alkaline range, ratio of green and red fluroescence intensities upon excitation by 488 or 561nm
GRX1-pHaROS	Zhao H et al. J Biol Chem 2019	Excitation Ratiometric	pHaROS	other	ratio of green and red fluroescence intensities upon excitation by 488 or 561nm
pHCECSensor01	Urra J et al. Pflugers Arch 2008	Ratiometric	pHCEC	other	Extracellular pH
Ecliptic-pHluorin	Miesenböck G et al. Nature 1998	Intensity	pHluorins	other
ratiometric-pHluorin	Miesenböck G et al. Nature 1998	Excitation Ratiometric	pHluorins	other
Superecliptic-pHluorin	Sankaranarayanan S et al. Biophys J 2000	Intensity	pHluorins	other
pHluorin2	Mahon MJ Adv Biosci Biotechnol 2011	Excitation Ratiometric	pHluorins	other
pH-Lemon	Burgstaller S et al. ACS Sens 2019	FRET	pHluorins	other
(RpH)-LAMP1-3xFLAG	Ponsford AH et al. Autophagy 2020	Excitation Ratiometric	pHluorins	other
ER-sfpHluorin	Reifenrath M and Boles E Sci Rep 2018	Excitation Ratiometric	pHluorins	other	Ratio of 512 emission at 390 or 470 excitation
pHRed	Tantama M et al. J Am Chem Soc 2011	Excitation Ratiometric	pHRed	other
mCherryEA	Rajendran M et al. ACS Omega 2018	Excitation Ratiometric	pHRed	other
syHTomato	Li Y and Tsien RW Nat Neurosci 2012	Intensity	pHTomato	other
pHuji	Shen Y et al. J Cell Biol 2014	Intensity	pHuji	other
pHusion	Gjetting KS et al. J Exp Bot 2012	Ratiometric	pHusion	other	Used in Plants. mRFP1 serves as a pH insensitive FP to make ratiometric
SRpHi1	Richardson DS et al. Nat Commun 2017	Ratiometric	SRpHi	other	TAT-FP fusion can be purified via GST tag. After GST cleavage, protein product is conjugated to STAR 410 or 512 dye (Abberior). Sensor is compatible with STED super-resolution microscopy.
SRpHi2	Richardson DS et al. Nat Commun 2017	Ratiometric	SRpHi	other	TAT-FP fusion can be purified via GST tag. After GST cleavage, protein product is conjugated to STAR 410 or 512 dye (Abberior). Sensor is compatible with STED super-resolution microscopy.
SRpHi3	Richardson DS et al. Nat Commun 2017	Ratiometric	SRpHi	other	TAT-FP fusion can be purified via GST tag. After GST cleavage, protein product is conjugated to STAR 410 or 512 dye (Abberior). Sensor is compatible with STED super-resolution microscopy.
SypHer	Poburko D et al. J Biol Chem 2011	Intensity	SypHer	other
SypHer3s	Ermakova YG et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018	Excitation Ratiometric	SypHer	other
SypHer-2	Matlashov ME et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015	Excitation Ratiometric	SypHer	other
GFpH	Awaji T et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001	FRET	XFpH	other
YFpH	Awaji T et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001	FRET	XFpH	other
Temperature
ELP-TEMP	Vu CQ et al. Sci Rep 2021	FRET	ELP	other
gTEMP	Nakano M et al. PLoS One 2017	Ratiometric	gTEMP
B-gTEMP	Lu K et al. Nano Lett 2022	Ratiometric	gTEMP
mRFP1	Deepankumar K et al. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 2015	Intensity	mRFP	other	variants mRFP-P62A and mRFP-P36A[(4R)-FP] exhibiting variable temperature sensitivities
tsGFP1	Kiyonaka S et al. Nat Methods 2013	Intensity	tsGFP	other
tsGFP2	Kiyonaka S et al. Nat Methods 2013	Intensity	tsGFP	other
V+
Frog Q174 ArcLight	Han Z et al. PLoS One 2013	Intensity	ArcLight Species Variants	other
Chicken Q175 ArcLight	Han Z et al. PLoS One 2013	Intensity	ArcLight Species Variants	other
Zebrafish Q175 ArcLight	Han Z et al. PLoS One 2013	Intensity	ArcLight Species Variants	other
Human Q193 ArcLight	Han Z et al. PLoS One 2013	Intensity	ArcLight Species Variants	other
VSFP2.3	Lundby A et al. Eur Biophys J 2010	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
Mermaid	Tsutsui H et al. Nat Methods 2008	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
ArcLight A242	Jin L et al. Neuron 2012	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
Bongwoori	Piao HH et al. J Neurosci 2015	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
ASAP1	St-Pierre F et al. Nat Neurosci 2014	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other	Chicken variant
ArcLightning	Treger JS et al. Elife 2015	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other	Faster than ArcLight
Mermaid2	Tsutsui H et al. J Physiol 2013	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
VSFP Butterfly 1.2	Akemann W et al. J Neurophysiol 2012	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
VSFP2.1	Dimitrov D et al. PLoS One 2007	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
VSFP2.4	Mutoh H et al. PLoS One 2009	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
Nabi2.213	Sung U et al. PLoS One 2015	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
ElectricPk	Barnett L et al. PLoS One 2012	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
FlicR1	Abdelfattah AS et al. J Neurosci 2016	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
VSFP2.42	Akemann W et al. Nat Methods 2010	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
VSFP3.1	Lundby A et al. PLoS One 2008	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
VSD-FR189-188	Kost LA et al. PLoS One 2017	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other	Low sensitivity
Marina	Platisa J et al. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other	Positive biosensor
VSFP-CR	Lam AJ et al. Nat Methods 2012	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
tdFlicR1 delta 110AR	Abdelfattah AS et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
tdFlicR-VK-ASAP	Abdelfattah AS et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016	Ratiometric	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
FlicGR1	Abdelfattah AS et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other	photoconvertable from green to red both intensities sensitive to voltage
LOTUS-V	Inagaki S et al. Sci Rep 2017	BRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
ASAP2f	Yang HH et al. Cell 2016	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
Chimera Cx	Mishina Y et al. Biophys J 2012	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other	Ci-VSP chimera with Kv3.1
Chimeric VSFP-Butterfly CY	Mishina Y et al. Front Mol Neurosci 2014	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
Chimeric VSFP-Butterfly YR	Mishina Y et al. Front Mol Neurosci 2014	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
ASAP3	Villette V et al. Cell 2019	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other	Mutations on ASAP2: L146G \| S147T \| N149R \| S150G \| H151D \| R414Q
ASAP4e	Evans SW et al. Nat Methods 2023	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
ASAP4b	Evans SW et al. Nat Methods 2023	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
nirButterfly	Monakhov MV et al. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020	FRET	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
Red-GEVIs	Kost LA et al. Sensors (Basel) 2019	Intensity	Ci-VSP based sensors	other
Zahra 2	Baker BJ et al. J Neurosci Methods 2012	FRET	Danio VSP based sensor	other
Zahra 1	Baker BJ et al. J Neurosci Methods 2012	FRET	Danio VSP based sensor	other
Zahra 1 SE (227D) series	Jung A et al. Neurophotonics 2015	Intensity	Danio VSP based sensor	other	Several insertion variants that affect the magnitude of the response
Zahara 2 SE (227D)	Jung A et al. Neurophotonics 2015	Intensity	Danio VSP based sensor	other
FlaSh	Siegel MS and Isacoff EY Neuron 1997	Intensity	Kv Based V sensors	other
VSFP1	Sakai R et al. Eur J Neurosci 2001	FRET	Kv Based V sensors	other
FlaSh IR	Guerrero G et al. Biophys J 2002	Intensity	Kv Based V sensors	other
FlaSh L366A	Guerrero G et al. Biophys J 2002	Intensity	Kv Based V sensors	other	"Low Threshold"
FlaSH (CFP) + FlaSh (YFP)	Guerrero G et al. Biophys J 2002	FRET	Kv Based V sensors	other
SPARC	Ataka K and Pieribone VA Biophys J 2002	Intensity	Na Channel based V Sensors	other
Nema	Baker BJ et al. J Neurosci Methods 2012	FRET	Nematostella VSP based sensors	other	poor signal
FRET-opsin Mac-mCitrine	Gong Y et al. Nat Commun 2014	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
FRET-opsin Ace2N-mNeon	Gong Y et al. Science 2015	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
FRET-opsin Ace1Q-mNeon	Gong Y et al. Science 2015	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
eFRET GEVI	Zou P et al. Nat Commun 2014	FRET	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
Arch(D95N)	Kralj JM et al. Nat Methods 2011	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
Archer1	Flytzanis NC et al. Nat Commun 2014	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
QuasAr1	Hochbaum DR et al. Nat Methods 2014	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
QuasAr2	Hochbaum DR et al. Nat Methods 2014	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
PROPS	Kralj JM et al. Science 2011	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other	For use in bacteria
Arch-EEx variants	Gong Y et al. PLoS One 2013	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other	tested Q and N for x
Archon1	Piatkevich KD et al. Nat Chem Biol 2018	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
Archon2	Piatkevich KD et al. Nat Chem Biol 2018	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
VARNAM	Kannan M et al. Nat Methods 2018	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other	Red voltage sensor
Positron	Abdelfattah AS et al. Nat Commun 2020	FRET	rhodopsin based V sensors	other	Voltron harboring N81D, D92N, and E199V mutations
Voltron	Abdelfattah AS et al. Science 2019	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
vArch1.0	Yang HH and St-Pierre F J Neurosci 2016	Ratiometric	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
MacQ-mCitrine	Gong Y et al. Nat Commun 2014	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
MacQ-mOrange2	Gong Y et al. Nat Commun 2014	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
QuasAR6a	Tian H et al. Nat Methods 2023	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
QuasAr6b	Tian H et al. Nat Methods 2023	Intensity	rhodopsin based V sensors	other
Cellular Analytes
2OG
mOGsor	Zhang C and Ye BC Biosens Bioelectron 2014	Intensity	mOGsor	binding
ADP
ADPrime	Trull KJ et al. Sensors (Basel) 2019	FRET	ADPrime	binding	Also has low (50-fold less) affinity for ATP
Ammonium
AmTrac	De Michele R et al. Elife 2013	Intensity	AmTrac	binding
AmTryoshika1;3-LS-F138I	Ast C et al. Nat Commun 2017	Ratiometric	AmTrac	binding
AmTryoshika1;3-LS-F138I -T78H	Ast C et al. Nat Commun 2017	Ratiometric	AmTrac	binding
Arabinose
FLIPara-250n	Kaper T et al. Biotechnol Biofuels 2008	FRET	FLIPara	binding
Arg
FRET Arg Reporter	Bogner M and Ludewig U J Fluoresc 2007	FRET	FRET Arg Reporter	binding	Also binds Orn but not Gln
ATP
ATeam1.03	Imamura H et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009	FRET	ATeam	binding	Absolute [ATP]
ATeam3.10	Imamura H et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009	FRET	ATeam	binding	Absolute [ATP]
ATeam1.03NL	Tsuyama T et al. Anal Chem 2013	FRET	ATeam	binding	Improved sensitivity at lower temperatures, used in vivo Drosophila.
GO-Ateam	Nakano M et al. ACS Chem Biol 2011	FRET	ATeam	binding
BTeam	Yoshida T et al. Sci Rep 2016	BRET	ATeam	binding	NanoLuciferace does not consume ATP so works for this biosensor
ARSeNL-ATP	Min SH et al. Sensors (Basel) 2019	BRET	ATeam	binding
EAF-ATP	Zadran S et al. Biotechnol Lett 2013	FRET	EAF-based ATP biosensor	binding	Unclear how this Enhanced Acceptor Fluoresence is not just FRET where the acceptor is also directly excited
iATPSnFR1.0	Lobas MA et al. Nat Commun 2019	Intensity	iATPSnFR	binding
iATPSnFR1.1	Lobas MA et al. Nat Commun 2019	Intensity	iATPSnFR	binding
iATPSnFR2	Marvin JS et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024	Intensity	iATPSnFR	binding	Three affinity variants are available. Kd of S29W.A95K < A95K < A95A.A119L
MaLionG	Arai S et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018	Intensity	MaLion	binding
MaLionR	Arai S et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018	Intensity	MaLion	binding
MaLionB	Arai S et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018	Intensity	MaLion	binding
Nano-lantern ATP	Saito K et al. Nat Commun 2012	Bioluminescence	Nano-lantern ATP	binding	Similar switch as ATeam sensor. Split Luciferase complimentation also can do BRET
QUEEN-7mu	Yaginuma H et al. Sci Rep 2014	Excitation Ratiometric	QUEEN	binding	used in bacteria
QUEEN-2m	Yaginuma H et al. Sci Rep 2014	Excitation Ratiometric	QUEEN	binding	Used in bacteria. Lower ATP affinity than QUEEN-7mu
Syn-ATP	Rangaraju V et al. Cell 2014	Bioluminescence	Syn-ATP	binding
ATP:ADP Ratio
Perceval	Berg J et al. Nat Methods 2009	Excitation Ratiometric	Perceval	binding	Measure of ATP:ADP ratio
PercevalHR	Tantama M et al. Nat Commun 2013	Excitation Ratiometric	Perceval	binding	Measure of ATP:ADP ratio
BCAA
OLIVe	Yoshida T et al. ACS Sens 2019	FRET	OLIVe	binding
BDNF
Bescell	Nakajima T et al. ACS Chem Biol 2008	FRET	Bescell	binding	Coupled reporter system
cAMP
cADDis-green	Tewson PH et al. J Biomol Screen 2016	Intensity	cADDis	binding	More data, links to publications, protocols can be found here https://montanamolecular.com/live-cell-camp-assay-caddis/
PKA-camps	Nikolaev VO et al. J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	camps	binding
Epac1-camps	Nikolaev VO et al. J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	camps	binding
Epac2-camps	Nikolaev VO et al. J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	camps	binding
HCN2-camps	Nikolaev VO et al. Circ Res 2006	FRET	camps	binding
Epac2-camps300	Norris RP et al. Development 2009	FRET	camps	binding	added point mutation decreases EC50 to 320 nM
Epac2-camps300-cit	Castro LR et al. J Neurosci 2010	FRET	camps	binding
cAMPFIRE-L	Massengill CI et al. Nat Methods 2022	FRET	camps	binding
cAMPFIRE-M	Massengill CI et al. Nat Methods 2022	FRET	camps	binding	medium affinity
cAMPFIRE-H	Massengill CI et al. Nat Methods 2022	FRET	camps	binding	high affinity
CAMYEL	Jiang LI et al. J Biol Chem 2007	BRET	CAMYEL	binding
CUTie	Surdo NC et al. Nat Commun 2017	FRET	CUTie	binding
Epac-S H187	Klarenbeek J et al. PLoS One 2015	FRET	Epac-S	binding
Epac-S H188	Klarenbeek J et al. PLoS One 2015	FRET	Epac-S	binding	There are also H134, H126 variants
H96	Klarenbeek JB et al. PLoS One 2011	FRET	Epac-S	binding
H74	Klarenbeek JB et al. PLoS One 2011	FRET	Epac-S	binding
H81: GFP(nd)-EPAC(dDEP)-mRFP	van der Krogt GN et al. PLoS One 2008	FRET	Epac-S	binding
H90: CFP(nd)-EPAC(dDEP/CD)-cp173Venus(d)	van der Krogt GN et al. PLoS One 2008	FRET	Epac-S	binding
H84: CFP(nd)-EPAC(dDEP/CD)-Venus(d)	van der Krogt GN et al. PLoS One 2008	FRET	Epac-S	binding
CFP-Epac(delta DEP-CD)-YFP	Ponsioen B et al. EMBO Rep 2004	FRET	Epac1 (delta DEP-CD) based cAMP biosensors	binding
CEPAC*	Salonikidis PS et al. J Biol Chem 2011	FRET	Epac1 (delta DEP-CD) based cAMP biosensors	binding	less sensitive to pH and ions than ECFP\|EYFP
Flamindo2	Odaka H et al. PLoS One 2014	Intensity	Flamindo	binding
Pink Flamindo	Harada K et al. Sci Rep 2017	Intensity	Flamindo	binding	Red version of Flamindo (4x increase increase in intensity)
Flamindo	Kitaguchi T et al. Biochem J 2013	Intensity	Flamindo	binding
pPHT-PKA	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	FPX	binding
ICUE1	DiPilato LM et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004	FRET	ICUE	binding
ICUE2	Violin JD et al. J Biol Chem 2008	FRET	ICUE	binding
ICUE3	DiPilato LM and Zhang J Mol Biosyst 2009	FRET	ICUE	binding
ICUE-YR	Ni Q et al. Nat Chem Biol 2011	FRET	ICUE	binding
ICUPID	Ni Q et al. Nat Chem Biol 2011	FRET	ICUE	binding	Single biosensor for both PKA and cAMP
Rluc-EPAC-YFP	Barak LS et al. Mol Pharmacol 2008	BRET	ICUE	binding
RAB-ICUE	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Intensity	ICUE	binding
GR-ICUE2	Mo GCH et al. Nat Commun 2020	FRET	ICUE	binding
cit-mCNBD-cer	Krähling AM et al. PLoS Genet 2013	FRET	mCRIS based cAMP biosensor	binding
DDcAMP	Sidoli M et al. ACS Chem Biol 2022	Intensity	mICNBD	binding
G-Flamp1	Wang L et al. Nat Commun 2022	Intensity	mICNBD	binding
G-Flamp2	Liu W et al. Front Pharmacol 2022	Intensity	mICNBD	binding
G-Flamp2b	Liu W et al. Front Pharmacol 2022	Intensity	mICNBD	binding	more mutations based pn G-Flamp2
mICNBD-FRET	Mukherjee S et al. Elife 2016	FRET	mICNBD-FRET	binding	cAMP Kd 66 nM
Nano-lantern cAMP1.6	Saito K et al. Nat Commun 2012	Bioluminescence	Nano-lantern cAMP	binding	Split Luciferase complimentation also can do BRET. Also has variants of cAMP0.4 and cAMP3.3 that are associated with domains with 0.4 and 3.3 uM affinity
R-FlincA	Ohta Y et al. Sci Rep 2018	Intensity	R-FlincA	binding
R1alpha #7	Ohta Y et al. ACS Chem Biol 2016	FRET	R1alpha #7	binding
Split Luc cAMP biosensor	Fan F et al. ACS Chem Biol 2008	Bioluminescence	Split Luc cAMP biosensor	binding	also known as 20F
22F	Binkowski BF et al. ACS Chem Biol 2011	Bioluminescence	Split Luc cAMP biosensor	binding
YFP-PKAc + CFP-PKAr	Zaccolo M and Pozzan T Science 2002	FRET	YFP-PKAc + CFP-PKAr	binding
R1-Rluc + GFP-C	Prinz A et al. Cell Signal 2006	BRET	YFP-PKAc + CFP-PKAr	binding
R2-Rluc + GFP-C	Prinz A et al. Cell Signal 2006	BRET	YFP-PKAc + CFP-PKAr	binding
PKAc-S65T + PKArII-EBFP	Zaccolo M et al. Nat Cell Biol 2000	FRET	YFP-PKAc + CFP-PKAr	binding
YFP-PKAc + CFP-PKAr(R230K)	Mongillo M et al. Circ Res 2004	FRET	YFP-PKAc + CFP-PKAr	binding	Reduced cAMP sensitivity
delta PKA RIIb-CFP + PKAc-YFP	Dyachok O et al. Nature 2006	FRET	YFP-PKAc + CFP-PKAr	binding
cGMP
cGES-DE5	Nikolaev VO et al. Nat Methods 2006	FRET	cGES	binding	There is also PDE2 and GKI based sensors that are less cGMP selective
Cygnus	Niino Y et al. PLoS One 2010	Intensity	cGES	binding	sREACh is a dark FRET acceptor
ThPDE5VV	Ros O et al. Cell Rep 2019	FRET	cGES	binding
cGi family	Russwurm M et al. Biochem J 2007	FRET	cGKI based cGMP sensors	binding
Green-cGull	Matsuda S et al. ACS Sens 2017	Intensity	cGull	binding
CGY-del1	Sato M et al. Anal Chem 2000	FRET	CGY	binding
CUTie2	Klein F et al. Front Mol Biosci 2021	FRET	CUTie	binding
cyGNAL	Betolngar DB et al. Cereb Cortex 2019	Ratiometric	cyGNAL	binding
cygnet-2	Honda A et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001	FRET	cygnet	binding
cygnet-2.1	Honda A et al. Methods Mol Biol 2005	FRET	cygnet	binding
delta-FlincG	Nausch LW et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008	Excitation Ratiometric	FlincG	binding	There are also alpha and beta variants
H6-FGB	Bhargava Y et al. Front Mol Neurosci 2013	Intensity	FlincG	binding
FGA^M	Bhargava Y et al. Front Mol Neurosci 2013	FRET	FlincG	binding
PfPKG Yellow	Calamera G et al. Commun Biol 2019	FRET	PfPKG	binding
Red PfPKG	Calamera G et al. Commun Biol 2019	FRET	PfPKG	binding
Citrate
FLIP-Cit-Y	Ewald JC et al. PLoS One 2011	FRET	FLIP-Cit	binding	Y = citrate affinity
CO
COSer	Wang J et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012	Intensity	COSer	binding
F-1,6-BP
Glycolytic Flux Sensor	Monteiro F et al. Mol Syst Biol 2019	Intensity	fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate	other	Uses bacterial CggR to induce expression of yeCitrine in a F-1,6-BP-dependent manner in yeast
HYlight	Koberstein JN et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022	FRET	fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate	other
Gln
FLIPQ-TV3.0	Gruenwald K et al. PLoS One 2012	FRET	FLIPQ	binding
Glucose
FLIPglu-Y series	Fehr M et al. J Biol Chem 2003	FRET	FLIPglu	binding	Y = Kd glucose. Published with 170 nm and 600 uM
FLII^XPglu-Y Series	Deuschle K et al. Protein Sci 2005	FRET	FLIPglu	binding	X = Site of GFP insertion, Y = glucose affinity
FLII^12Pglu-Y Series	Takanaga H et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008	FRET	FLIPglu	binding	Y = glucose affinity
FLIPglu-Y delta 13	Deuschle K et al. Plant Cell 2006	FRET	FLIPglu	binding	Y = glucose affinity
FLIPglu-600u-delta(X) series	Deuschle K et al. Protein Sci 2005	FRET	FLIPglu	binding	Linker variants to increase the dynamic range
FGBP	Hu H et al. RSC Adv 2018	Excitation Ratiometric	GGBP	binding
GIP	Ye K and Schultz JS Anal Chem 2003	FRET	GIP	binding	pH sensitive
GIP C_0Y_i	Garrett JR et al. Biotechnol Prog 2008	FRET	GIP	binding
AcGFP1-GBPcys-mCherry	Veetil JV et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2010	FRET	GIP	binding
Green Glifon	Mita M et al. Anal Chem 2019	Intensity	Glifon	binding
Red Glifon	Mita M et al. Cell Chem Biol 2022	Intensity	Glifon	binding
GTP
GEVAL30	Bianchi-Smiraglia A et al. Nat Methods 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	GEVAL	binding	Visualized using 405/485 excitation ratio; 530 nm emission.
GEVAL260	Bianchi-Smiraglia A et al. Nat Methods 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	GEVAL	binding	Visualized using 405/485 excitation ratio; 530 nm emission.
GEVAL530	Bianchi-Smiraglia A et al. Nat Methods 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	GEVAL	binding	Visualized using 405/485 excitation ratio; 530 nm emission.
GEVAL1150	Bianchi-Smiraglia A et al. Nat Methods 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	GEVAL	binding	Visualized using 405/485 excitation ratio; 530 nm emission.
GEVAL2300	Bianchi-Smiraglia A et al. Nat Methods 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	GEVAL	binding	Visualized using 405/485 excitation ratio; 530 nm emission.
Heme
CH49Y	Abshire JR et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017	FRET	CHY	binding
CISDY-9	Song Y et al. ACS Chem Biol 2015	FRET	CISDY	binding
HS1	Hanna DA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016	Ratiometric	Fluorescence quenching Heme	binding	heme binding quenches EGFP fluorescence
HS1-M7A	Hanna DA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016	Ratiometric	Fluorescence quenching Heme	binding	heme binding quenches EGFP fluorescence, mKate2 is not affected
CG6	Arpino JA et al. J Am Chem Soc 2012	Intensity	Fluorescence quenching Heme	binding
His
FHisJ	Hu H et al. Sci Rep 2017	Ratiometric	FHisJ	binding
FLIP-cpHisJ194	Okada S et al. Protein Sci 2009	FRET	FLIP-HisJ	binding	Kd = 14
Insulin
RINS1	Schifferer M et al. Cell Chem Biol 2017	Ratiometric	RINS	other	Irreversable proteolysis of the proinsulin C peptide
Lactate
Laconic	San Martín A et al. PLoS One 2013	FRET	Laconic	binding
LCACoAs
LACSer	Wang J et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021	Ratiometric	LACSer sensor	binding
maltose
FLIPmal-Y Series	Fehr M et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002	FRET	FLIPmal	binding	Y = maltose affinity
FLIPmal-Y delta1	Kaper T et al. Biotechnol Biofuels 2008	FRET	FLIPmal	binding	Y = maltose affinity
GFP2-MBP-RLuc2	Dacres H et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2013	BRET	FLIPmal	binding
PPYF-green	Marvin JS et al. Proteins 2011	Intensity	MBP	binding
NAD+
NAD+ Biosensor	Cambronne XA et al. Science 2016	Intensity	NAD+ Biosensor	binding	Absolute NAD+ biosensor
NAD-Snifit	Sallin O et al. Elife 2018	FRET	NAD-Snifit	binding	Mutations in SPR converts specificity from NADP to NAD
NAD+/NADH Ratio
Peredox	Hung YP et al. Cell Metab 2011	Ratiometric	Peredox	binding	Peredox changes its fluorescence intensity and also its fluorescence lifetime; when paired with mCherry, it can be used with a ratiometric readout
SoNar	Zhao Y et al. Cell Metab 2015	Excitation Ratiometric	SoNar	binding	NAD+/NADH ratio
RexYFP	Bilan DS et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014	Intensity	T-Rex Based	binding	NAD+/NADH ratio
NADH
Frex	Zhao Y et al. Cell Metab 2011	Intensity	Frex	binding
FrexH	Zhao Y et al. Cell Metab 2011	Intensity	Frex	binding
O2
dUnOHR hypoxia-reoxygenation sensor	Erapaneedi R et al. EMBO J 2016	Intensity	dUnOHR hypoxia-reoxygenation sensor	other	mOrange does not mature without oxygen but UnaG does
FluBO	Potzkei J et al. BMC Biol 2012	FRET	FluBO	other
Pn
EcPhnD-cpGFP	Alicea I et al. J Mol Biol 2011	Intensity	EcPhnD based	binding
Pyruvate
Pyronic	San Martín A et al. PLoS One 2014	FRET	PdhR Based	binding
PYRATES	Bulusu V et al. Dev Cell 2017	FRET	PdhR Based	binding	variant number 41 selected - constitutively expressed in a mouse model
PyronicSF	Arce-Molina R et al. Elife 2020	Intensity	PdhR Based	binding
ribose
FLIPrib-Y	Lager I et al. FEBS Lett 2003	FRET	FLIPrib	binding	Y = ribose afffinity
sucrose
FLIPsuc-Y	Lager I et al. J Biol Chem 2006	FRET	FLIPsuc	binding	Y = sucrose affinity, also shows affinity for trehalose (see PMID 26214383)
Trehalose
FLIPSuc90μ∆1Venus	Kikuta S et al. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016	FRET	FLIP	binding	Binds both Sucrose and Trehalose
Trp
FLIPW	Kaper T et al. PLoS Biol 2007	FRET	FLIPW	binding
GRIT	Tao R et al. Cell Discov 2023	Ratiometric	GRIT	binding
Ions
As3+
SenALiB	Soleja N et al. Sci Rep 2019	FRET	SenALiB	binding
Ca2+
Tq-Ca-FLITS	van der Linden FH et al. Nat Commun 2021	FLIM	Ca-FLITS	binding
Cal-Light	Lee D et al. Nat Biotechnol 2017	Intensity	Ca2+ Snapshot	binding	Integrates cells with high Ca2+ while being illuminated by blue light. The blue light causes AsLOV2 to release the TEV sequence which can be cut by the recombined TEV
FLARE	Wang W et al. Nat Biotechnol 2017	Intensity	Ca2+ Snapshot	binding	Integrates cells with high Ca2+ while being illuminated by blue light. The blue light causes AsLOV2 to release the TEV sequence which can be cut by the recombined TEV
FLiCRE	Kim CK et al. Cell 2020	Intensity	Ca2+ Snapshot	binding
Orange CaMBI 110	Oh Y et al. Nat Chem Biol 2019	BRET	CaMBI	binding	Dissociation constant (Kd) for calcium is 110 nM
Orange CaMBI 300	Oh Y et al. Nat Chem Biol 2019	BRET	CaMBI	binding	Dissociation constant (Kd) for calcium is 300 nM
Blue CaMBI	Oh Y et al. Nat Chem Biol 2019	Bioluminescence	CaMBI	binding
Green CaMBI	Oh Y et al. Nat Chem Biol 2019	BRET	CaMBI	binding
Cameleon 3	Miyawaki A et al. Nature 1997	FRET	Cameleons	binding
Split-Cameleon	Miyawaki A et al. Nature 1997	FRET	Cameleons	binding
YC6.1	Truong K et al. Nat Struct Biol 2001	FRET	Cameleons	binding
D3cpv	Palmer AE et al. Chem Biol 2006	FRET	Cameleons	binding
D4cpV	Palmer AE et al. Chem Biol 2006	FRET	Cameleons	binding
CaYang1	Ding Y et al. Anal Chem 2011	FRET	Cameleons	binding
CaYin1	Ding Y et al. Anal Chem 2011	FRET	Cameleons	binding
YC-Nano	Horikawa K et al. Nat Methods 2010	FRET	Cameleons	binding	Has a 15 30 and 50 variant
YC3.60	Nagai T et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004	FRET	Cameleons	binding	Also has 3.12 3.20, 3.30, 3.60, 3.70, 3.90
YC2.1	Miyawaki A et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999	FRET	Cameleons	binding
YC2.12	Nagai T et al. Nat Biotechnol 2002	FRET	Cameleons	binding
D1GO-Cam	Waldeck-Weiermair M et al. PLoS One 2012	FRET	Cameleons	binding
D1	Palmer AE et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004	FRET	Cameleons	binding
D3 BRET	Gulyás G et al. PLoS One 2015	BRET	Cameleons	binding
4mtD3mC3	Greotti E et al. iScience 2019	FLIM-FRET	Cameleons	binding
Camgaroo1	Baird GS et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999	Intensity	Camgaroo	binding
Camgaroo2	Griesbeck O et al. J Biol Chem 2001	Intensity	Camgaroo	binding
CaMPARI	Fosque BF et al. Science 2015	Intensity	CaMPARI	binding	Photoconvertable from green to red only in the presence of high calcium
CaMPARI2	Moeyaert B et al. Nat Commun 2018	Intensity	CaMPARI	binding
Case12	Souslova EA et al. BMC Biotechnol 2007	Intensity	CASE	binding
Case16	Souslova EA et al. BMC Biotechnol 2007	Intensity	CASE	binding
CatchER	Tang S et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011	Intensity	CatchER	binding
ddRFP Ca2+ sensor	Alford SC et al. Chem Biol 2012	Intensity	ddFP Ca2+ sensor	binding
CEPIA1er	Suzuki J et al. Nat Commun 2014	Intensity	ER-GCaMP	binding
ER-GCaMP6-150	de Juan-Sanz J et al. Neuron 2017	Intensity	ER-GCaMP	binding	Fmax/F ~ 45
ER-GCaMP6-210	de Juan-Sanz J et al. Neuron 2017	Intensity	ER-GCaMP	binding	Fmax/F ~ 48
ER-GCaMP3-373 / GCaMPer-10.19	Henderson MJ et al. PLoS One 2015	Intensity	ER-GCaMP	binding	Fmax/F ~ 13
G-CEPIA1er	Suzuki J et al. Nat Commun 2014	Intensity	ER-GECO	binding
R-CEPIA1er	Suzuki J et al. Nat Commun 2014	Intensity	ER-GECO	binding
GEM-CEPIA1er	Suzuki J et al. Nat Commun 2014	Emission Ratiometric	ER-GECO	binding
FGCaMP	Barykina NV et al. PLoS One 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	FGCaMP	binding
FGCaMP7	Barykina NV et al. Int J Mol Sci 2020	Ratiometric	FGCaMP	binding	Inert to the intracellular environment of mammalian cells
FRCaMP	Subach OM et al. Int J Mol Sci 2020	Intensity	FGCaMP	binding
single polypeptide FPX Ca2+ sensor	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	FPX Ca2+ Sensors	binding
tripartate FPX Ca2+ Sensor	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	FPX Ca2+ Sensors	binding
GAF-CaMP	Lanin AA et al. J Biophotonics 2018	Intensity	GAF-CaMP	binding
GAF-CaMP2	Subach OM et al. Int J Mol Sci 2019	Intensity	GAF-CaMP	binding
GAF-CaMP3-sfGFP	Subach OM and Subach FV Int J Mol Sci 2020	Intensity	GAF-CaMP	binding	GAF-CaMP3 has a positive response to calcium ions but does not fold in the absense of sfGFP
GAP1	Rodriguez-Garcia A et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014	Intensity	GAP	binding
GAP3	Navas-Navarro P et al. Cell Chem Biol 2016	Intensity	GAP	binding
GCaMP	Nakai J et al. Nat Biotechnol 2001	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP2	Tallini YN et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP3	Tian L et al. Nat Methods 2009	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP6f	Chen TW et al. Nature 2013	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP6s	Chen TW et al. Nature 2013	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP6m	Chen TW et al. Nature 2013	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP5G	Akerboom J et al. J Neurosci 2012	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
G-CaMP 3-8 (Nakai Variants)	Ohkura M et al. PLoS One 2012	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP-R-6s	Cho JH et al. ACS Chem Biol 2017	Ratiometric	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP-R-6f	Cho JH et al. ACS Chem Biol 2017	Ratiometric	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP-R-3	Cho JH et al. ACS Chem Biol 2017	Ratiometric	GCaMP	binding
MatryoshCaMP6s	Ast C et al. Nat Commun 2017	Ratiometric	GCaMP	binding
sfMatryoshCaMP6s	Ast C et al. Nat Commun 2017	Ratiometric	GCaMP	binding
sfMatryoshCaMP6s-T78H	Ast C et al. Nat Commun 2017	Ratiometric	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP3fast	Helassa N et al. Sci Rep 2015	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP3bright	Helassa N et al. Sci Rep 2015	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP2.2Low	Despa S et al. Circ Res 2014	Intensity	GCaMP	binding	Lower Ca2+ sensitivity for high Ca2+ concentrations in the dyadic cleft
GCaMP-HS	Muto A et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
ncpGCaMP6s	Qian Y et al. Chembiochem 2018	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
axon-GCaMP6	Broussard GJ et al. Nat Neurosci 2018	Intensity	GCaMP	binding	For in vivo imaging of axonal calcium transients
jYCaMP1s	Mohr MA et al. Nat Methods 2020	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
jYCaMP1	Mohr MA et al. Nat Methods 2020	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP7	Dana H et al. Nat Methods 2019	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
GCaMP6s-Q	Bierbuesse F et al. Nat Commun 2022	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
jGCaMP8	Zhang Y et al. Nature 2023	Intensity	GCaMP	binding
G-GECO1	Zhao Y et al. Science 2011	Intensity	GECO	binding
G-GECO1.1	Zhao Y et al. Science 2011	Intensity	GECO	binding
G-GECO1.2	Zhao Y et al. Science 2011	Intensity	GECO	binding
B-GECO	Zhao Y et al. Science 2011	Intensity	GECO	binding
R-GECO1	Zhao Y et al. Science 2011	Intensity	GECO	binding
GEM-GECO	Zhao Y et al. Science 2011	Emission Ratiometric	GECO	binding
GEX-GECO	Zhao Y et al. Science 2011	Excitation Ratiometric	GECO	binding
REX-GECO	Wu J et al. Nat Commun 2014	Excitation Ratiometric	GECO	binding
jRGECO1a	Dana H et al. Elife 2016	Intensity	GECO	binding
LAR-GECO	Wu J et al. Biochem J 2014	Intensity	GECO	binding
GR-GECO	Hoi H et al. J Am Chem Soc 2013	Intensity	GECO	binding	photoconvertable from green to red both intensities sensitive to calcium
CAR-GECO	Wu J et al. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013	Intensity	GECO	binding	deep red. Also photoactavatable
O-GECO	Wu J et al. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013	Intensity	GECO	binding	Orange emission
R-GECO1.2	Wu J et al. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013	Intensity	GECO	binding	photoactivatable
K-GECO1	Shen Y et al. BMC Biol 2018	Intensity	GECO	binding
LUCI-GECO1	Qian Y et al. Chembiochem 2018	BRET	GECO	binding
NIR-GECO1	Qian Y et al. Nat Methods 2019	Intensity	GECO	binding
mNG-GECO1	Zarowny L et al. ACS Sens 2020	Intensity	GECO	binding
NEMO	Li J et al. Nat Methods 2023	Intensity	GECO	binding
R-CEPIA3mt	Kanemaru K et al. Sci Rep 2020	Intensity	GECO	binding
R-CEPIA4mt	Kanemaru K et al. Sci Rep 2020	Intensity	GECO	binding
NIR-GECO2	Qian Y et al. PLoS Biol 2020	Intensity	GECO	binding
GreenT-EC	Valiente-Gabioud AA et al. Nat Commun 2023	Intensity	GreenT-EC	binding
Nano-lantern Ca2+	Saito K et al. Nat Commun 2012	Bioluminescence	Nano-lantern Ca2+	binding	Split Luciferase complimentation also can do BRET
GeNL(Ca2+)	Suzuki K et al. Nat Commun 2016	BRET	Nano-lantern Ca2+	binding	Also has affinity variants
CNL (Ca2+)	Takai A et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015	BRET	Nano-lantern Ca2+	binding
ONL (Ca2+)	Takai A et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015	BRET	Nano-lantern Ca2+	binding
CeNL(Ca2+)_110u	Hossain MN et al. ACS Chem Biol 2018	BRET	Nano-lantern Ca2+	binding
CeNL(Ca2+)_19u	Hossain MN et al. ACS Chem Biol 2018	BRET	Nano-lantern Ca2+	binding	Kd 19 uM for Ca2+
NCaMP7	Subach OM et al. Int J Mol Sci 2020	Intensity	NCaMP	binding
NTnC	Barykina NV et al. Sci Rep 2016	Intensity	NTnC	binding
iYTnC2	Doronin DA et al. BMC Biotechnol 2018	Intensity	NTnC	binding
YTnC	Barykina NV et al. Sci Rep 2018	Intensity	NTnC	binding
flash-pericam	Nagai T et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001	Intensity	pericam	binding
inverse-pericam	Nagai T et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001	Intensity	pericam	binding
ratiometric-pericam	Nagai T et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001	Ratiometric	pericam	binding
RCaMP1h	Akerboom J et al. Front Mol Neurosci 2013	Intensity	RCaMP	binding
R-CaMP1.07	Ohkura M et al. PLoS One 2012	Intensity	RCaMP	binding
R-CaMP2	Inoue M et al. Nat Methods 2015	Intensity	RCaMP	binding
jRCaMP1a	Dana H et al. Elife 2016	Intensity	RCaMP	binding	More sensitive but lower dynamic range than jRCaMP1b
jRCaMP1b	Dana H et al. Elife 2016	Intensity	RCaMP	binding
TN-L15	Heim N and Griesbeck O J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	TN Ca2+ Sensors	binding
TN-humTnC	Heim N and Griesbeck O J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	TN Ca2+ Sensors	binding
TN-XL	Mank M et al. Biophys J 2006	FRET	TN Ca2+ Sensors	binding	400% increase
TN-XXL	Mank M et al. Nat Methods 2008	FRET	TN Ca2+ Sensors	binding
Twitch series	Thestrup T et al. Nat Methods 2014	FRET	TN Ca2+ Sensors	binding
YO-TnC1.0	Su T et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2012	FRET	TN Ca2+ Sensors	binding
CalfluxVTN	Yang J et al. Nat Commun 2016	BRET	TN Ca2+ Sensors	binding
RS-TN-XL	Fujii H et al. Cell Rep 2013	FRET	TN Ca2+ Sensors	binding
Cd2+
Cd-FRET2	Vinkenborg JL et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011	FRET	Cd-FRET	binding
Cu+
CreiLOV	Zou W et al. ChemBioChem 2020	Intensity	CreiLOV	binding
Ace1-FRET	Wegner SV et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011	FRET	Yeast Copper regulator based	binding
Mac1-FRET	Wegner SV et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011	FRET	Yeast Copper regulator based	binding
Amt1-FRET	Wegner SV et al. J Am Chem Soc 2010	FRET	Yeast Copper regulator based	binding
Halide Ions
Clomeleon	Kuner T and Augustine GJ Neuron 2000	FRET	Clomeleon	binding	F? > I? > Br? > Cl?
Cl-sensor	Markova O et al. J Neurosci Methods 2008	FRET	Clomeleon	binding
SuperClomeleon	Grimley JS et al. J Neurosci 2013	FRET	Clomeleon	binding
ClopHensor	Arosio D et al. Nat Methods 2010	Ratiometric	Dual pH and Cl sensor	other	Also senses pH
LSSmClopHensor	Paredes JM et al. ACS Chem Biol 2016	Ratiometric	Dual pH and Cl sensor	other	Also senses pH
ER-LSSmsfClopHensor	Shariati K et al. ACS Sens 2022	Ratiometric	Dual pH and Cl sensor	other	Also senses pH
YFP(H148Q)	Jayaraman S et al. J Biol Chem 2000	Intensity	Halide Sensitive Fluorescent Proteins	binding	ClO(4)(-) approximately I(-) > SCN(-) > NO(3)(-) > Cl(-) > Br(-) > formate > acetate
YFP(H148Q, I152L)	Galietta LJ et al. FEBS Lett 2001	Intensity	Halide Sensitive Fluorescent Proteins	binding	I?>NO3 ?>Br?>Cl?
Cl-YFP	Zhong S et al. PLoS One 2014	Intensity	Halide Sensitive Fluorescent Proteins	binding
ClsM	Zhong S et al. PLoS One 2014	Intensity	Halide Sensitive Fluorescent Proteins	binding
mBeRFP-S94V/R205Y	Salto R et al. ACS Sens 2021	Intensity	Halide Sensitive Fluorescent Proteins	binding	Cl-
GR1	Tutol JN et al. Chem Sci 2021	Intensity	Halide Sensitive Fluorescent Proteins	binding	Cl-
mNeonGreen-R195Y	Tutol JN et al. Chembiochem 2019	Intensity	Halide Sensitive Fluorescent Proteins	binding	Cl-
phiYFP	Tutol JN et al. Biochemistry 2019	Intensity	Halide Sensitive Fluorescent Proteins	binding	Cl-
Hg(II)
eGFP205C	Chapleau RR et al. Protein Sci 2008	Intensity	eGFP based Hg sensor	binding
IFP based Hg sensor	Gu Z et al. Anal Chem 2011	Intensity	IFP based Hg sensor	binding	Hg(II) binding blocks biliverdin binding
K+
GEPII 1.0	Bischof H et al. Nat Commun 2017	FRET	GEPII	binding	Affinity variants also developed
KIRIN1	Shen Y et al. Commun Biol 2019	FRET	GEPII	binding
KIRIN1-GR	Shen Y et al. Commun Biol 2019	FRET	GEPII	binding
GINKO1	Shen Y et al. Commun Biol 2019	Intensity	GINKO	binding
GINKO2	Wu SY et al. PLoS Biol 2022	Intensity	GINKO	binding
KRaION1	Torres Cabán CC et al. ACS Sens 2022	Intensity	GINKO	binding
Ln3+
LaMP1	Mattocks JA et al. J Am Chem Soc 2019	FRET	LaMP	binding
Mg2+
MagFRET-1	Lindenburg LH et al. PLoS One 2013	FRET	MagFRET	binding	Kd for Mg2+ 150 uM Kd for Ca2+ 10 uM
MARIO	Maeshima K et al. Curr Biol 2018	FRET	MagFRET	binding
MagIC	Koldenkova VP et al. J Biomed Opt 2015	Ratiometric	MagIC	binding	mCherry is used as a Mg2+-insensitive reference. Kd (Mg2+) = 5.1 mM; Kd (Ca2+) = 4.8 mM. Plasmid requests to Prof. Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University, https://www.sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp/labs/bse/)
Mn2+
MnLaMP1	Park J et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022	FRET	MnLaMP	binding
MnLaMP2	Park J et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022	FRET	MnLaMP	binding
Phosphate
FLIPPi-30m	Gu H et al. FEBS Lett 2006	FRET	FLIPPi	binding
FLIPPi-5mu	Gu H et al. FEBS Lett 2006	FRET	FLIPPi	binding
Zn2+
CFP-Atox1 + WD4-YFP	van Dongen EM et al. J Am Chem Soc 2006	FRET	Atox1 WD4 Based Zn2+ Probes	binding
CALWY	van Dongen EM et al. J Am Chem Soc 2007	FRET	Atox1 WD4 Based Zn2+ Probes	binding	Different linker length repeats result in tune-able dynamic range and affinity (not independently)
eCALWY series	Vinkenborg JL et al. Nat Methods 2009	FRET	Atox1 WD4 Based Zn2+ Probes	binding	6 different affinity variants
redCALWY	Lindenburg LH et al. ACS Chem Biol 2013	FRET	Atox1 WD4 Based Zn2+ Probes	binding
BLCALWY-1	Aper SJ et al. ACS Chem Biol 2016	BRET	Atox1 WD4 Based Zn2+ Probes	binding	Small Dynamic. RangeBRET between NLuc and Cer then FRET between Cer and Citrine
GZnP1	Qin Y et al. ACS Chem Biol 2016	Intensity	GZnP	binding
GZnP2	Fudge DH et al. ACS Chem Biol 2018	Intensity	GZnP	binding	Could possibly be used as a ratiometric probe with attached mCherry
GZnP3	Minckley TF et al. Nat Commun 2019	Intensity	GZnP	binding	11-fold dynamic range, Kd = 1.3 nM, 488 nm excitation / 512 nm emission
Cys2Hys2 - Zn2+ Sensor	Dittmer PJ et al. J Biol Chem 2009	FRET	Minimal Zinc Finger Based Zn Probes	binding	AKA ZifCY1
His4-Zn2+ sensor	Dittmer PJ et al. J Biol Chem 2009	FRET	Minimal Zinc Finger Based Zn Probes	binding
mito-ZifCY1.173	Park JG et al. ACS Chem Biol 2012	FRET	Minimal Zinc Finger Based Zn Probes	binding
ZifCV1.173	Slocum JD et al. J Phys Chem B 2019	Ratiometric	Minimal Zinc Finger Based Zn Probes	binding
ZnGreen2	Chen Z and Ai HW Anal Chem 2016	Intensity	Minimal Zinc Finger Based Zn Probes	binding
ZIBG2	Chen M et al. Anal Chem 2019	Intensity	Minimal Zinc Finger Based Zn Probes	binding
FRISZ	Wu T et al. Sci Adv 2023	Intensity	Minimal Zinc Finger Based Zn Probes	binding
ZF1/2-FRET	Qiao W et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006	FRET	Zap1 Based Zn Probes	binding
ZapCY1	Qin Y et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011	FRET	Zap1 Based Zn Probes	binding
ZapCY2	Qin Y et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011	FRET	Zap1 Based Zn Probes	binding	Higher EC50 than ZapCY1
ZapCV2	Fiedler BL et al. Anal Chem 2017	FRET	Zap1 Based Zn Probes	binding
ZapCV5	Fiedler BL et al. Anal Chem 2017	FRET	Zap1 Based Zn Probes	binding	Lower Zn Affinity than ZapCV2 (higher EC50)
ZnGreen1	Chen Z and Ai HW Anal Chem 2016	Intensity	Zap1 Based Zn Probes	binding
ZIBG1	Chen M et al. Anal Chem 2019	Intensity	Zap1 Based Zn Probes	binding
RZnP1	Dischler AM et al. ACS Sens 2022	Intensity	Zap1 Based Zn Probes	binding
ZinCh-x	Evers TH et al. J Mol Biol 2007	FRET	ZinCh	binding	x indicates linker repeats (1-9)
Cly9-2His	Evers TH et al. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008	FRET	ZinCh	binding
eZinCh-1	Vinkenborg JL et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011	FRET	ZinCh	binding	Also binds Cd2+
eZinCh-2	Hessels AM et al. ACS Chem Biol 2015	FRET	ZinCh	binding
BLZinCh-2	Aper SJ et al. ACS Chem Biol 2016	BRET	ZinCh	binding	BRET between NLuc and Cer then FRET between Cer and Cit
BLZinCh-3	Aper SJ et al. ACS Chem Biol 2016	BRET	ZinCh	binding	Dark Cerulean. Direct BRET between NLuc and Citrine
Kinases/Phosphatases
Abl
Abl Indicator	Ting AY et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001	FRET	Abl Indicator	phosphorylation	Responds to both Abl and EGFR
Akt
Akind	Yoshizaki H et al. Biochem Soc Trans 2006	FRET	Akind	binding	Akt activation
FoxO1-clover	Gross SM and Rotwein P J Cell Sci 2015	Translocation	Akt translocation Reporters	phosphorylation
Akt-FoxO3a-KTR-EGFP	Maryu G et al. Cell Struct Funct 2016	Translocation	Akt translocation Reporters	phosphorylation
AktAR	Gao X and Zhang J Mol Biol Cell 2008	FRET	AktAR	phosphorylation
AktAR2	Zhou X et al. Cell Rep 2015	FRET	AktAR	phosphorylation
ExRai-AktAR	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Excitation Ratiometric	AktAR	phosphorylation
VstagAktAR	Mo GCH et al. Nat Commun 2020	FRET	AktAR	phosphorylation
ExRai-AktAR2	Chen M et al. ACS Cent Sci 2021	Excitation Ratiometric	AktAR	phosphorylation
Aktus	Sasaki K et al. J Biol Chem 2003	FRET	AktUS	phosphorylation
BKAR	Kunkel MT et al. J Biol Chem 2005	FRET	BKAR	phosphorylation
BKAR v2	Belal AS et al. Mol Biosyst 2014	FRET	BKAR	phosphorylation	Not explicitly named BKAR v2
GFP-PKB-RFP	Calleja V et al. PLoS Biol 2007	FRET	Dual Labeled Akt	binding	Akt activation
GFP-AKT-YFP	Calleja V et al. Biochem J 2003	FLIM-FRET	Dual Labeled Akt	binding
Eevee-iAkt	Miura H et al. Cell Struct Funct 2014	FRET	Eevee-Akt	phosphorylation	Higher specificity for Akt
Eevee-Akt	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	Eevee-Akt	phosphorylation
ReAktion1	Ananthanarayanan B et al. J Biol Chem 2007	FRET	ReAktion	binding	Akt activation. Based off of Akt1
AMPK
AMPfret 2.1	Pelosse M et al. Nat Commun 2019	FRET	AMPfret	binding	Measures AMPK activation by conformational change in AMPK, not for AMPK activity but the on/off of the kinase itself
AMPKAR	Tsou P et al. Cell Metab 2011	FRET	AMPKAR	phosphorylation
ABKAR	Sample V et al. Mol Biol Cell 2015	FRET	AMPKAR	phosphorylation	Also senses BRSK activity
bimABKAR	Depry C et al. Chem Biol 2015	FRET	AMPKAR	phosphorylation
AMPKAR-EV	Konagaya Y et al. Cell Rep 2017	FRET	AMPKAR	phosphorylation	Adapted Eevee backbone (Komatsu et al 2011) for use as an AMPK biosensor
ExRai-AMPKAR	Schmitt DL et al. Nat Commun 2022	Excitation Ratiometric	ExRai-AMPKAR	phosphorylation
ATM kinase
ATOMIC	Johnson SA et al. DNA Repair (Amst) 2007	FRET	ATOMIC	phosphorylation
Aurora B kinase
Aurora B sensor (Chu)	Chu Y et al. J Mol Cell Biol 2011	FRET	Aurora B sensor	phosphorylation	Exact construction is not clear and does not reference previously developed Aurora B biosensor by Fuller et al Nature 2008
Aurora B Sensor (Fuller)	Fuller BG et al. Nature 2008	FRET	Aurora B sensor	phosphorylation	Prefer citing this over the Chu et al JMBC 2011 one
Aurora Kinase A
AURKA Biosensor	Bertolin G et al. Nat Commun 2016	FRET	AURKA Biosensor	phosphorylation	Sensing Aurora Kinase A autophosphorylation
GFP-AURKA-GFP	Bertolin G et al. ACS Sens 2019	FRET	AURKA Biosensor	phosphorylation	Sensing Aurora Kinase A autophosphorylation by fluorescence polarization microscopy.
ShadowG-AURKA-mTurquoise2	Bertolin G et al. ACS Sens 2019	FLIM-FRET	AURKA Biosensor	phosphorylation	ShadowG dark acceptor; Sensing Aurora Kinase A autophosphorylation
ShadowY-AURKA-mTurquoise2	Bertolin G et al. ACS Sens 2019	FLIM-FRET	AURKA Biosensor	phosphorylation	ShadowY a dark acceptor; Sensing Aurora Kinase A autophosphorylation
superYFP-AURKA-mTurquose2	Bertolin G et al. ACS Sens 2019	FRET	AURKA Biosensor	phosphorylation	Uses 2-color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Sense Aurora Kinase A autophosphorylation
B-Raf
Prin-BRaf	Terai K and Matsuda M EMBO J 2006	FRET	Prin-BRaf	binding
Bcr-Abl
Pickles-2.3	Mizutani T et al. Clin Cancer Res 2010	FRET	Pickles	phosphorylation
C-Raf
Prin-CRaf	Terai K and Matsuda M EMBO Rep 2005	FRET	Prin-CRaf	binding
CaMKII
Camui	Takao K et al. J Neurosci 2005	FRET	Camui	binding
Camui?-CR (Clover-mRuby2)	Lam AJ et al. Nat Methods 2012	FRET	Camui	binding
green-Camui (alpha)	Lee SJ et al. Nature 2009	FLIM-FRET	Camui	binding	single color
mRFP/GFP-Camui	Kwok S et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008	FLIM-FRET	Camui	binding	Several other color variants in published with this including a mDarkYFP/mGFP.
Camui-mRmC	Nakahata Y et al. Sci Rep 2016	FLIM-FRET	Camui	binding	Single color red
ShadowG-Camui	Murakoshi H et al. Sci Rep 2015	FLIM-FRET	Camui	binding	single color
FRESCA	Ardestani G et al. J Biol Chem 2019	FRET	FRESCA	phosphorylation
YC-K2alpha	Fujii H et al. Cell Rep 2013	FRET	K2alpha	binding
RY-K2alpha	Fujii H et al. Cell Rep 2013	FRET	K2alpha	binding
RS-K2Alpha	Fujii H et al. Cell Rep 2013	FRET	K2alpha	binding
CaN
RY-CaN	Fujii H et al. Cell Rep 2013	FRET	CaN Activation	binding
YC-CaN	Fujii H et al. Cell Rep 2013	FRET	CaN Activation	binding
CaNAR1	Newman RH and Zhang J Mol Biosyst 2008	FRET	CaNAR	phosphorylation
CaNAR2	Mehta S et al. Elife 2014	FRET	CaNAR	phosphorylation
CaNARi	Mehta S et al. Elife 2014	FRET	CaNARi	binding
DuoCaN	Bazzazi H et al. J Physiol 2015	FRET	DuoCaN	binding
UniCaN	Bazzazi H et al. J Physiol 2015	FRET	DuoCaN	binding	unimolecular so easier for sub-cellular targeting
CDK1
CyclinB1-Cdk1 activity sensor V1	Gavet O and Pines J Dev Cell 2010	FRET	CyclinB1-Cdk1 activity sensor	phosphorylation
CyclinB1-Cdk1 activity sensor V2	Belal AS et al. Mol Biosyst 2014	FRET	CyclinB1-Cdk1 activity sensor	phosphorylation
CDK2
DHB-Ven	Spencer SL et al. Cell 2013	Translocation	CDK2 Translocation Reporter	phosphorylation
DAPK1
DAPK1	Pilji? A et al. ACS Chem Biol 2011	FRET	DAPK1 sensor	binding	F40 seems to be the best
EGFR
ECaus	Nakajima T et al. ACS Chem Biol 2008	FRET	ECaus	phosphorylation	When coupled with a chimeric receptor BBD-ECat this can also act as a BDNF biosensor
EGFR Reporter	Ting AY et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001	FRET	EGFR Reporter	phosphorylation
FLAME	Offterdinger M et al. J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	FLAME	phosphorylation	Probe for EGFR autophosphorylation
PTB-EYFP, EGFR-ECFP	Offterdinger M et al. J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	FLAME	phosphorylation	Measuring EGFR Autophosphorylation
Picchu-Z	Itoh RE et al. Exp Cell Res 2005	FRET	Picchu-Z	phosphorylation	Coiled Coil domains cause association with tagged EGFR to add specificity to Picchu probe
ERK
EAS3	Green HM and Alberola-Ila J BMC Chem Biol 2005	FRET	EAS	phosphorylation
EKAR	Harvey CD et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
REV	Xu C et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013	BRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKAREV	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKAR-TVV	Vandame P et al. Sensors (Basel) 2014	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKAREV-TVV	Vandame P et al. Sensors (Basel) 2014	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKAR3	Sparta B et al. J Biol Chem 2015	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKAR2G	Fritz RD et al. Sci Signal 2013	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKAR^dual	Demeautis C et al. Sci Rep 2017	FLIM	EKAR	phosphorylation	For multiplexing with AKAR^dual
bimEKAR	Depry C et al. Chem Biol 2015	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKARet	Tang S and Yasuda R Neuron 2017	FLIM-FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
RAB-EKARev	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Intensity	EKAR	phosphorylation
VcpV FLARE EKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation	FLARE, homoFRET, anisotropy based sensor
mCh-mCh FLARE EKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation	FLARE, homoFRET, anisotropy based sensor
C3C3 FLARE EKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation	FLARE, homoFRET, anisotropy based sensor
VV FLARE EKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
fRR-EKARev	Mo GCH et al. Nat Commun 2020	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKAR4	Keyes J et al. Elife 2020	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation	Have three versions targeted to plasma membrane, cytosol, or nucleus
EKAREN4	Ponsioen B et al. Nat Cell Biol 2021	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
EKAREN5	Ponsioen B et al. Nat Cell Biol 2021	FRET	EKAR	phosphorylation
ERK-KTR	Regot S et al. Cell 2014	Translocation	ERK-KTR	phosphorylation
Erkus	Sato M et al. Anal Chem 2007	FRET	Erkus	phosphorylation
ERKy	Tomida T et al. Sci Signal 2012	FRET	ERKy	phosphorylation
FIRE	Albeck JG et al. Mol Cell 2013	Intensity	FIRE	phosphorylation
CBGreen-FIRE	Day EK et al. Cell Rep 2020	Bioluminescence	FIRE	phosphorylation
FLINC-EKAR1	Mo GC et al. Nat Methods 2017	FLINC	FLINC-EKAR1	phosphorylation	Super-resolution with pcSOFI
FPX EKAR	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	FPX ERK	phosphorylation
Miu2	Fujioka A et al. J Biol Chem 2006	FRET	Miu2	binding	Activation biosensor
FAK
CYFAK413	Cai X et al. Mol Cell Biol 2008	FRET	FAK Activation Biosensor	other
FAK Autophosphorylation Biosensor	Cai X et al. Mol Cell Biol 2008	FRET	FAK Autophosphorylation Biosensor	phosphorylation
FAK sensor	Seong J et al. Nat Commun 2011	FRET	FAK sensor	phosphorylation
Fus3
Far1-SKARS	Durandau E et al. BMC Biol 2015	Translocation	Far1-SKARS	phosphorylation
Fyn
Fyn-FRET	Ouyang M et al. ACS Sens 2019	FRET	FRET	phosphorylation
Fyn-saFRET	Liu L et al. Nat Commun 2021	FRET	saFRET	phosphorylation
GCK
FRET-GCK	Rizzo MA et al. J Biol Chem 2002	FRET	GCK Activation Biosensors	other
Cerulean-GCK-mCit	Rizzo MA et al. Nat Biotechnol 2004	FRET	GCK Activation Biosensors	other
FRET-GCK (mCer/mVen)	Ding SY et al. J Biol Chem 2011	FRET	GCK Activation Biosensors	other
FRET-GCK (cp173-mCer3/mVen)	Markwardt ML et al. J Biol Chem 2016	FRET	GCK Activation Biosensors	other	Unclear if it is mVenus
H3-S10p
H3S10p biosensor	Peng Q et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018	FRET	H3S10p biosensor	phosphorylation
H3-S28p
Histone Phosphorylation reporter	Lin CW and Ting AY Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004	FRET	Histone Phosphorylation reporter	phosphorylation
INSR
Insulin Receptor Activation BRET assay	Boute N et al. Mol Pharmacol 2001	BRET	Insulin Receptor Activation BRET assay	binding	Insulin receptor activation
Phocus2	Sato M et al. Nat Biotechnol 2002	FRET	Phocus	phosphorylation
Phocus-2pp nes	Sato M et al. Nat Biotechnol 2002	FRET	Phocus	phosphorylation
cyan-sinphos	Kawai Y et al. Anal Chem 2004	Intensity	sinphos	phosphorylation
green-sinphos	Kawai Y et al. Anal Chem 2004	Intensity	sinphos	phosphorylation
yellow-sinphos	Kawai Y et al. Anal Chem 2004	Intensity	sinphos	phosphorylation
JNK
dJUN-FRET	Bakal C et al. Science 2008	FRET	dJUN-FRET	phosphorylation	Used in high throughput RNAi screen
JNK-KTR	Regot S et al. Cell 2014	Translocation	JNK-KTR	phosphorylation
JNKAR1	Fosbrink M et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010	FRET	JNKAR	phosphorylation
JNKAR1EV	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	JNKAR	phosphorylation
bimJNKAR	Depry C et al. Chem Biol 2015	FRET	JNKAR	phosphorylation
NIR JNKAR	Shcherbakova DM et al. Nat Chem Biol 2018	FRET	JNKAR	phosphorylation
JuCKY	0	FRET	JuCKY	phosphorylation	http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10610278.2010.484864 No pubmed listing
Kss1
Ste7-SKARS	Durandau E et al. BMC Biol 2015	Translocation	Ste7-SKARS	phosphorylation
LATS
LATS-BS	Azad T et al. Nat Commun 2018	Bioluminescence	LATS-BS	phosphorylation
Lck
CLckY-2	Paster W et al. J Immunol 2009	FRET	Lck Activation sensor	phosphorylation	Lck Activation
MAPK or MK2
GMB	Neininger A et al. EMBO Rep 2001	FRET	GMB	phosphorylation
MARK
MARK-AR1	Timm T et al. J Biol Chem 2011	FRET	MARK sensor	phosphorylation
Mpk1
Mkk2-SKARS	Durandau E et al. BMC Biol 2015	Translocation	Mkk2-SKARS	phosphorylation
mTORC1
TORCAR	Zhou X et al. Cell Rep 2015	FRET	TORCAR	phosphorylation
p38
p38 activity reporter	Tomida T et al. Nat Commun 2015	FRET	p38 activity reporter	phosphorylation
p38-KTR	Regot S et al. Cell 2014	Translocation	p38-KTR	phosphorylation
mKO-MK2	Miura H et al. Cell Rep 2018	Translocation	p38-KTR	phosphorylation	A full-length MK2 fused to fluorescent proteins outperforms the original p38-KTR in terms of the increased C:N ratio.
PAK1
Pakabi	Parrini MC et al. J Biol Chem 2009	FRET	Pakabi	binding
PDGFR
PDGFR Biosensor	Seong J et al. Sci Rep 2017	FRET	PDGFR Biosensor	phosphorylation
PDK1
PARE	Gao X et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011	FRET	PARE	phosphorylation
PKA
AKAR1	Zhang J et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
AKAR3	Allen MD and Zhang J Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
AKAR2	Zhang J et al. Nature 2005	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
CRY-AKAR	Allen MD and Zhang J Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
AKAR-GR	Ni Q et al. Nat Chem Biol 2011	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
ICUPID	Ni Q et al. Nat Chem Biol 2011	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
AKAR4	Depry C et al. Mol Biosyst 2011	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
AKAR3EV	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
AKAR^dual	Demeautis C et al. Sci Rep 2017	FLIM	AKAR	phosphorylation	For multiplexing with EKAR^dual
bimAKAR	Herbst KJ et al. J Am Chem Soc 2011	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
LumAKAR	Herbst KJ et al. J Am Chem Soc 2011	Bioluminescence	AKAR	phosphorylation
AKAR4.1	Tao W et al. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation	Optimized for 2p imaging
AKAR-CR	Lam AJ et al. Nat Methods 2012	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
FLIM-AKAR	Chen Y et al. Front Pharmacol 2014	FLIM-FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation	2pFLIM, also single color due to cpsREACh
AKAR5	Tillo SE et al. Cell Rep 2017	FLIM-FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
NIR AKAR	Shcherbakova DM et al. Nat Chem Biol 2018	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
AKARet	Tang S and Yasuda R Neuron 2017	FLIM-FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
ExRai-AKAR	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Excitation Ratiometric	AKAR	phosphorylation
sapphireAKAR	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Intensity	AKAR	phosphorylation
blueAKAR	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Intensity	AKAR	phosphorylation
RAB-AKARev	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Intensity	AKAR	phosphorylation
VcpV FLARE AKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation	FLARE, homoFRET, anisotropy based sensor
VV FLARE AKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation	FLARE, homoFRET, anisotropy based sensor
mCh-mCh FLARE AKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation	FLARE, homoFRET, anisotropy based sensor
C3C3 FLARE AKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
C3cpC3 FLARE AKAR	Ross BL et al. Elife 2018	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation	FLARE, homoFRET, anisotropy based sensor
Booster-PKA	Watabe T et al. ACS Sens 2020	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
GR-AKAR3	Mo GCH et al. Nat Commun 2020	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation	There is also a lyn-tagged version for expression at the plasma membrane
ExRai-AKAR2	Zhang JF et al. Nat Chem Biol 2020	Excitation Ratiometric	AKAR	phosphorylation
tAKAR alpha	Ma L et al. Neuron 2018	FLIM-FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation
FluoSTEP-AKAR	Tenner B et al. Sci Adv 2021	FRET	AKAR	phosphorylation	Must be paired with a GFP11-tagged protein to reconstitute donor GFP.
ART	Nagai Y et al. Nat Biotechnol 2000	FRET	ART	phosphorylation
FLINC-AKAR1	Mo GC et al. Nat Methods 2017	FLINC	FLINC-AKAR1	phosphorylation	Super-resolution with pcSOFI
DrFLINC-AKAR	Lin W et al. J Am Chem Soc 2021	FLINC	FLINC-AKAR1	phosphorylation
PKA-KTR	Regot S et al. Cell 2014	Translocation	PKA-KTR	phosphorylation
RLuc-PCA PKA	Stefan E et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007	Bioluminescence	RLuc-PCA PKA	binding	PKA activaiton sensor
GAk	Bonnot A et al. FASEB J 2014	Intensity	Single Color PKA sensor	phosphorylation
PKC
CKAR	Violin JD et al. J Cell Biol 2003	FRET	CKAR	phosphorylation
ExRai-CKAR	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Excitation Ratiometric	CKAR	phosphorylation
sapphireCKAR	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Intensity	CKAR	phosphorylation
blueCKAR	Mehta S et al. Nat Cell Biol 2018	Intensity	CKAR	phosphorylation
aCKAR	Kajimoto T et al. Sci Signal 2019	FRET	CKAR	phosphorylation
deltaCKAR	Kajimoto T et al. J Biol Chem 2010	FRET	CKAR	phosphorylation
Eevee-PKC	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	Eevee-PKC	phosphorylation
IDOCKSalpha	Colgan LA et al. Nat Neurosci 2018	FLIM-FRET	IDOCKS	binding
IDOCKSbeta	Colgan LA et al. Nat Neurosci 2018	FLIM-FRET	IDOCKS	binding
IDOCKSgamma	Colgan LA et al. Nat Neurosci 2018	FLIM-FRET	IDOCKS	binding
ITRACKalpha	Colgan LA et al. Nat Neurosci 2018	FLIM-FRET	ITRACK	binding
ITRACKbeta	Colgan LA et al. Nat Neurosci 2018	FLIM-FRET	ITRACK	binding
ITRACKgamma	Colgan LA et al. Nat Neurosci 2018	FLIM-FRET	ITRACK	binding
KCP-1	Schleifenbaum A et al. J Am Chem Soc 2004	FRET	KCP	phosphorylation
KCP-2	Brumbaugh J et al. J Am Chem Soc 2006	FRET	KCP	phosphorylation
KCAP-1	Brumbaugh J et al. J Am Chem Soc 2006	FRET	KCP	phosphorylation	Also measures PKA activity, Increase in FRET = PKA phosphorylation, decrease in FRET = PKC phosporylation
PKD
DKAR	Kunkel MT et al. J Biol Chem 2007	FRET	DKAR	phosphorylation
G-PKDrep	Fuchs YF et al. Traffic 2009	Ratiometric	G-PKDrep	phosphorylation	Not a full genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor as an antibody has to added to it. Later made into in 21898831 (G-PKDrep Live)
G-PKDrep live	Eisler SA et al. Biotechnol J 2012	FRET	G-PKDrep	phosphorylation
PKM2
PKAR2.3	Merrins MJ et al. J Biol Chem 2013	FRET	PKAR	other
PTEN
Rluc-PTEN-YFP	Lima-Fernandes E et al. Nat Commun 2014	BRET	Rluc-PTEN-YFP	other	PTEN activation
ROCK
Eevee-ROCK	Li C et al. Cell Struct Funct 2017	FRET	Eevee-ROCK	phosphorylation
RSK
Eevee-RSK	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	Eevee-RSK	phosphorylation
RTK
Picchu	Kurokawa K et al. J Biol Chem 2001	FRET	Picchu	phosphorylation	Showed response to Abl and EGFR
PicchuEV	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	Picchu	phosphorylation	Responds to both Abl and EGFR
S6K
Eevee-S6K	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	Eevee-S6K	phosphorylation
SAP3K
SAP3K	Tomida T et al. Mol Cell Biol 2009	FRET	SAP3K	phosphorylation
SnRK2.6/OST1
SNACS	Zhang L et al. Elife 2020	FRET	SNACS	phosphorylation	244 amino acid EV linker.
Src
Src Indicator	Ting AY et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001	FRET	Src Indicator	phosphorylation	also responds to Abl Lck and EGFR
Src Reporter	Wang Y et al. Nature 2005	FRET	Src Indicator	phosphorylation	More specific for Src
Src Reporter (ECFP/YPet)	Ouyang M et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008	FRET	Src Indicator	phosphorylation
YO-Src1.0	Su T et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2012	FRET	Src Indicator	phosphorylation
BG-Src1.0	Su T et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2013	FRET	Src Indicator	phosphorylation
TsStagSrcAR	Mo GCH et al. Nat Commun 2020	FRET	Src Indicator	phosphorylation
Srcus	Hitosugi T et al. J Biol Chem 2007	FRET	Srcus	phosphorylation
ZAP-70
ROZA	Randriamampita C et al. PLoS One 2008	FRET	ROZA	phosphorylation
ZAP70-saFRET	Liu L et al. Nat Commun 2021	FRET	saFRET	phosphorylation
Metabolites
aspartate
jAspSnFR3	Davidsen K et al. Elife 2024	Intensity	iSnFR	binding
malonyl-CoA
FapR-NLuc	Du Y et al. Bioconjug Chem 2019	Bioluminescence	FapR-NLuc	binding	Also created subcellular targeted versions: cytosolic, nuclear, ER, Mitochondrial, Golgi Apparatus
Neurotransmitters
5-HT
5-HT 3A LGIC CNiFER	Yamauchi JG et al. PLoS One 2011	FRET	5-HT 3A CNiFER	binding	Co-expressed in a cell and co-cultured or implanted with neurons.
5HT2A-dLight	Patriarchi T et al. Science 2018	Intensity	dLight	binding
G-GESS	Zhang S et al. Nat Methods 2021	Intensity	G-GESS	binding	Uses soft tick Argas monolakensis AM182 as the serotonin binding lipocalin
GRAB-5HT	Wan J et al. Nat Neurosci 2021	Intensity	GRAB-5HT	binding
iSeroSnFR	Unger EK et al. Cell 2020	Intensity	iSnFR	binding
ACh
M1-CNiFER	Nguyen QT et al. Nat Neurosci 2010	FRET	ACh CNiFER	binding	Co-expressed in a cell and co-cultured or implanted with neurons.
α7 LGIC CNiFER	Yamauchi JG et al. PLoS One 2011	FRET	ACh CNiFER	binding	Co-expressed in a cell and co-cultured or implanted with neurons.
α4β2-nAChR LGIC CNiFER	Yamauchi JG et al. PLoS One 2011	FRET	ACh CNiFER	binding	Co-expressed in a cell and co-cultured or implanted with neurons.
ACh-Snifit-D	Schena A and Johnsson K Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014	FRET	ACh-Snifit	binding	Semisynthetic
ACh-Snifit-E	Schena A and Johnsson K Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014	FRET	ACh-Snifit	binding	Semisynthetic biosensor. From the paper
ACh-Snifit^WA-E	Schena A and Johnsson K Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014	FRET	ACh-Snifit	binding	Semisynthetic biosensor. More sensitive than ACh-Snifit-E
GACh1.0	Jing M et al. Nat Biotechnol 2018	Intensity	GACh	binding	GACh has the sensitivity, specificity, SNR, kinetics and photostability suitable for monitoring ACh signals in vitro and in vivo
GACh2.0	Jing M et al. Nat Biotechnol 2018	Intensity	GACh	binding
Dopamine
dLight1.2	Patriarchi T et al. Science 2018	Intensity	dLight : Dopamine	binding
RdLight1	Patriarchi T et al. Nat Methods 2020	Intensity	dLight : Dopamine	binding
D2 CNiFER	Muller A et al. Nat Methods 2014	FRET	Dopamine CNiFER	binding	Co-expressed in a cell and co-cultured or implanted with neurons.
GRAB_DA1m	Sun F et al. Cell 2018	Intensity	GRAB-DA	binding	GRABDA enables measurements of dopamine dynamics in freely behaving animals with high spatiotemporal precision. EC50 130 nM
GRAB_DA1h	Sun F et al. Cell 2018	Intensity	GRAB-DA	binding	EC50 10 nM for DA
rDA1	Sun F et al. Nat Methods 2020	Intensity	GRAB-DA	binding
eCB
GRAB-eCB2.0	Dong A et al. Nat Biotechnol 2022	Intensity	GRAB-eCB	binding
GABA
GABA-Snifit	Masharina A et al. J Am Chem Soc 2012	FRET	GABA-Snifit	binding	Semisynthetic biosensor. Other synthetic dye FRET pairs tested in Masharina J Am Chem Soc 2012 as well
iGABASnFR	Marvin JS et al. Nat Methods 2019	Intensity	iGABASnFR	binding	Several variants described in paper, including mutations F102G and F102Y.Y127L, along with subcellular targeted versions. See addgene 112180-112159.
Glutamate
FLIP-cpGltI210	Okada S et al. Protein Sci 2009	FRET	FLIP Glt	binding	Has some affinity for Asp as well
FLIPE-Y Series	Okumoto S et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005	FRET	FLIPE	binding	Y = glutamate
FLIPE-Y Surface series	Okumoto S et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005	FRET	FLIPE	binding	Extracellular Glutamate Y = Glutamate affinity
FLII^81PE-1u	Deuschle K et al. Protein Sci 2005	FRET	FLIPE	binding	intracellular glutamate
superGluSnFR	Hires SA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008	FRET	GluSnFR	binding	Extracellular Glutamate
iGluSnFR	Marvin JS et al. Nat Methods 2013	Intensity	iGluSnFR	binding
iGlu_f	Helassa N et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018	Intensity	iGluSnFR	binding	Faster than iGluSnFR. Kd 137 uM
iGlu_u	Helassa N et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018	Intensity	iGluSnFR	binding	Faster than iGluSnFR. Kd 600 uM
iGluSnFR3	Aggarwal A et al. Nat Methods 2023	Intensity	iGluSnFR	binding
Gln D157N reporter	Yang H et al. PLoS One 2010	FRET	QBP based Gln Sensor	binding
Snifit-iGluR5	Brun MA et al. J Am Chem Soc 2012	FRET	Snifit-iGluR5	binding	Semisynthetic biosensor
Glycine
GlyFS	Zhang WH et al. Nat Chem Biol 2018	FRET	glycine FRET sensor	binding	used with single and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy
NE
α1A CNiFER	Muller A et al. Nat Methods 2014	FRET	NE CNiFER	binding	Co-expressed in a cell and co-cultured or implanted with neurons.
Nicotine
iNicSnFR3a	Shivange AV et al. J Gen Physiol 2019	Intensity	iNicSnFR	binding
Orexin Neuropeptide
OxLight1	Duffet L et al. Nat Methods 2022	Intensity	dLight : Orexin	binding
Oxytocin
GRAB-OT1.0	Qian T et al. Nat Biotechnol 2023	Intensity	GRAB-OT	binding
Other PTMs
K27H3 methyltransferase
K27 Reporter	Lin CW et al. J Am Chem Soc 2004	FRET	K27 Reporter	other
K9H3 methyltransferase
K9 Reporter	Lin CW et al. J Am Chem Soc 2004	FRET	K9 Reporter	other
H3K9me3 Biosensor	Peng Q et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018	FRET	K9 Reporter	other	Uses full length H3, A color variant with FRed and LOrange was also developed
OGT
O-GlcNAc Sensor	Carrillo LD et al. J Am Chem Soc 2006	FRET	O-GlcNAc Sensor	other
Ubiquitination
REACh-Ubiquitin	Ganesan S et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006	Intensity	REACh-Ubiquitin	other	REACh2 is a dark FRET acceptor making this a single color donor quenching readout
Other Signaling Proteins
Annexin 4
CYNEX4	Piljic A and Schultz C Mol Biol Cell 2006	FRET	NEX4	binding
ORNEX4	Piljic A and Schultz C ACS Chem Biol 2008	FRET	NEX4	binding
Bax
Bax Translocation reporter	Zlobovskaya OA et al. Biotechniques 2016	Translocation	Bax Translocation reporter	other	Apoptosis marker
beta Arrestin 2
Beta Arrestin 2 ubiquitination biosensor	Perroy J et al. Nat Methods 2004	BRET	Beta Arrestin 2 ubiquitination biosensor	other
CaM
BSCaM1	Romoser VA et al. J Biol Chem 1997	FRET	BSCaM	binding
BSCaM2	Persechini A and Cronk B J Biol Chem 1999	FRET	BSCaM	binding
MLCK-FIP	Chew TL et al. J Cell Biol 2002	FRET	MLCK-FIP	binding	Also a semi readout of MLCK activaiton
CRAC
PH(crac)-GFP	Dormann D et al. Curr Biol 2002	Translocation	PH(crac)-GFP	other	For Dictyostelium cells
CREB
ICAP	Friedrich MW et al. J Biol Chem 2010	FRET	ICAP	phosphorylation
Histone Acetylation
Histac-H4K5/8	Sasaki K et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009	FRET	Histac	binding
Histac-H4K12	Ito T et al. Chem Biol 2011	FRET	Histac	binding
Histac-H3K9/14	Nakaoka S et al. ACS Chem Biol 2016	FRET	Histac	binding
MLKL
mSMART	Murai S et al. Nat Commun 2018	FRET	SMART	binding	Senses MLKL oligomerization. works in murine cells but not human cells. For human cells see hSMART
hSMART	Murai S et al. Nat Commun 2018	FRET	SMART	binding	Senses MLKL oligomerization. Works in human cells. For mouse cells see mSMART
N-WASP
N-WASP BS	Lorenz M et al. Curr Biol 2004	FRET	N-WASP BS	binding
PMCA
BFP-PMCA-GFP	Corradi GR and Adamo HP J Biol Chem 2007	FRET	PMCA Activity Sensor	other
PI/lipid
3prime IP
GFP-AH	Watton SJ and Downward J Curr Biol 1999	Translocation	GFP AKT domains	binding
GFP-Akt	Watton SJ and Downward J Curr Biol 1999	Translocation	GFP AKT domains	binding
mCherry-Akt-PH	Warren SC et al. Int J Mol Sci 2015	FRET	Homo FRET mCherry-Akt-PH	binding	Intermolecular Homo-FRET
InPAkt	Ananthanarayanan B et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005	FRET	InPAkt	binding
DAG
Cys1-GFP	Oancea E et al. J Cell Biol 1998	Translocation	Cys1-GFP	binding
C1_2-GFP	Oancea E and Meyer T Cell 1998	Translocation	Cys1-GFP	binding
Daglas-pm1	Sato M et al. Nat Methods 2006	FRET	Daglas	binding
Daglas-em1	Sato M et al. Nat Methods 2006	FRET	Daglas	binding
Daglas-mit1	Sato M et al. Nat Methods 2006	FRET	Daglas	binding
DAGR	Violin JD et al. J Cell Biol 2003	FRET	DAGR	binding
Digda	Nishioka T et al. Mol Biol Cell 2008	FRET	Digda	binding
Ins(1,3,4,5)P4
Btk-cpGFP	Sakaguchi R et al. Bioorg Med Chem 2009	Excitation Ratiometric	Btk PH domain based	binding	Has a similar Kd for IP6
IP3
FIRE-1	Remus TP et al. J Biol Chem 2006	FRET	FIRE	binding
FIRE-2	Remus TP et al. J Biol Chem 2006	FRET	FIRE	binding
FIRE-3	Remus TP et al. J Biol Chem 2006	FRET	FIRE	binding
fretino-2	Sato M et al. Anal Chem 2005	FRET	fretino	binding
FRET InsP3 sensor	Gulyás G et al. PLoS One 2015	FRET	fretino	binding
bretino	Gulyás G et al. PLoS One 2015	BRET	fretino	binding
GFP-PHD	Hirose K et al. Science 1999	Translocation	GFP-PH	binding
IRIS-1	Matsu-ura T et al. J Cell Biol 2006	FRET	IRIS	binding
LIBRA	Tanimura A et al. J Biol Chem 2004	FRET	LIBRA	binding
LIBRAvIII	Tanimura A et al. J Biol Chem 2009	FRET	LIBRA	binding
LIBRAVIIIS	Tanimura A et al. J Biol Chem 2009	FRET	LIBRA	binding
LIBRAvII	Tanimura A et al. J Biol Chem 2009	FRET	LIBRA	binding
LIBRAvI	Tanimura A et al. J Biol Chem 2009	FRET	LIBRA	binding
PA
Pii-DK	Nishioka T et al. J Biol Chem 2010	FRET	Pii	binding
PI(3)P
GFP-EEA1 (FYVE)	Burd CG and Emr SD Mol Cell 1998	Translocation	GFP-FYVE	binding
GFP-Pib1p	Burd CG and Emr SD Mol Cell 1998	Translocation	GFP-FYVE	binding
GFP-FYVE (FENS-1)	Ellson CD et al. Curr Biol 2001	Translocation	GFP-FYVE	binding
GFP-PX	Ellson CD et al. Curr Biol 2001	Translocation	GFP-PX	binding
PI(3,4)P2
NES-EGFP-cPHx3	Goulden BD et al. J Cell Biol 2019	Localization	cPHx3	binding	A mCherry version is also available addgene #116862
Pippi-PI(3,4)P2	Yoshizaki H et al. Biochem Soc Trans 2006	FRET	Pippi-PI(3,4)P2	binding
PI(3,5)P2
GFP-MLN1	Li X et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013	Translocation	GFP-MLN1	binding
PI(4)P
OSH2-2xPH	Tóth JT et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016	BRET	BRET PI(4)P sensors	binding
SidM-2xP4M	Tóth JT et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016	BRET	BRET PI(4)P sensors	binding
Pippi-PI(4)P	Nishioka T et al. Mol Biol Cell 2008	FRET	Pippi	binding
PI(4,5)P2
CAY	Cicchetti G et al. Biochemistry 2004	FRET	CAY	binding	Also binds PI(3,4,5)P3 Kd=0.6 uM, PI(3,4)P2 and PI(4,5)P2 Kd= 1 uM, PI(3)P and PI(4)P Kd = 1.7 uM
CYPHR	Violin JD et al. J Cell Biol 2003	FRET	CYPHR	binding
ENTH-GFP	Leitner MG et al. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019	Localization	ENTH-GFP	binding
FP-Tubby	Santagata S et al. Science 2001	Translocation	FP-Tubby	binding
FPX PIP2 sensor	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	FPX PIP2 sensor	binding
PH(PLCdelta)-CFP/YFP	van der Wal J et al. J Biol Chem 2001	FRET	PH(PLCdelta)	binding
GFP-PH	Stauffer TP et al. Curr Biol 1998	Translocation	PH(PLCdelta)	binding
PH(PLCdelta) - GFP	Várnai P and Balla T J Cell Biol 1998	Translocation	PH(PLCdelta)	binding
Pippi-PI(4,5)P2	Nishioka T et al. Mol Biol Cell 2008	FRET	Pippi-PI(4,5)P2	binding
R-PRE	Yeung T et al. Science 2006	Translocation	R-PRE	binding	I put PI(4,5)P2 as biosensor targetn because i didn't have the option to add a new target category. Here this sensor senses membrane electrostatic properties. It would be great if we could have the option to add new target, if you want other people to help you update the list. For example I have in mind a whole set of biosensors to explore membrane physicochemical properties that i could add here.
PIP3
FLLIP	Sato M et al. Nat Cell Biol 2003	FRET	FLLIP	binding
InPAkt	Ananthanarayanan B et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005	FRET	InPAkt	binding
PH(GRP1)-GFP	Gray A et al. Biochem J 1999	Translocation	Labeled PH domains	binding
PH(PKB)-GFP	Gray A et al. Biochem J 1999	Translocation	Labeled PH domains	binding	Also senses PI(3,4)P2
PIP3 BRET sensor	Pierre-Eugene C et al. PLoS One 2012	BRET	PIP3 BRET sensor	binding
PS
2xPH(EVECTIN2)	Uchida Y et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011	Translocation	2xPH(EVECTIN2)	binding
2xPH(EVECTIN2)	Uchida Y et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011	Translocation	2xPH(EVECTIN2)	binding
cPLA2-C2-GFP	Stahelin RV et al. J Biol Chem 2003	Translocation	cPLA2-C2	binding
GFP - Lact-C2	Yeung T et al. Science 2008	Translocation	Lact-C2	binding
mRFP - Lact-C2	Yeung T et al. Science 2008	Translocation	Lact-C2	binding
PKCα-C2-EGFP	Stahelin RV et al. J Biol Chem 2003	Translocation	PKC-C2	binding
C2-GFP	Oancea E and Meyer T Cell 1998	Translocation	PKC-C2	binding
PLCdelta1-C2-EGFP	Ananthanarayanan B et al. J Biol Chem 2002	Translocation	PLCdelta1-C2	binding
sterol
mCherry-D4H	Marek M et al. J Cell Biol 2020	Localization	mCherry-D4H	binding
Protease
3CLPro
FlipGFP (3CLPro)	Froggatt HM et al. J Virol 2020	Intensity	Flip-GFP	other
Atg4a
FRET-LC3B	Li M et al. Autophagy 2012	FRET	FRET-LC3B	other
Atg4b
FRET-GATE-16	Li M et al. Autophagy 2012	FRET	FRET-GATE-16	other
Caspase1
single polypeptide FPX caspase 1 sensor	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	FPX caspase 1 sensor	other	Irreversable
SCAT1	Liu T et al. Cell Rep 2014	FRET	SCAT1	other
Caspase3
CASPAM (sCas3-GP)	Habif M et al. ACS Sens 2021	FRET	CASPAM	other	HomoFRET/anisotropy-based Caspase 3 sensor. Part of poly-cistronic, single-plasmid expression system.
ddRFP-A1B1-DEVD	Alford SC et al. Chem Biol 2012	Intensity	ddFP based	other	Irreversable
Bimolecular FPX Caspase 3 reporter	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	ddFP based	other	irreversable
single polypeptide FPX Caspase 3 sensor	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	ddFP based	other	Irreversable
mAmetrine-DEVD-tdTomato	Ai HW et al. Nat Methods 2008	FRET	DEVD	other	Irreversable
mCitrine-DEVD-mTFP1	Ai HW et al. Nat Methods 2008	FRET	DEVD	other	Irreversable
CFP-DEVD-YFP	Tyas L et al. EMBO Rep 2000	FRET	DEVD	other	Irreversable
Sensor C3	Luo KQ et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001	FRET	DEVD	other	Irreversable
BFP-DEVD-GFP	Rehm M et al. J Biol Chem 2002	FRET	DEVD	other	Irreversable
MiCy-DEVK-mKO	Karasawa S et al. Biochem J 2004	FRET	DEVK	other	Irreversable
EC-RP	Albeck JG et al. Mol Cell 2008	FRET	EC-RP	other	20 fold greater selectivity for caspase 3 than caspase 8
mKate2-DEVD-iRFP	Zlobovskaya OA et al. Biotechniques 2016	FRET	Far-Red Caspase sensors	other	Irreversable
FlipGFP (Casp3 cleavage seq)	Zhang Q et al. J Am Chem Soc 2019	Intensity	Flip-GFP	other
sDnaB-cpM4(DEVD)	Sakamoto S et al. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013	Intensity	Intein Based	other
iCasper	To TL et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015	Intensity	iProtease	other
SCAT3	Takemoto K et al. J Cell Biol 2003	FRET	SCAT3	other
yDMQDc	Chiang JJ and Truong K IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2006	FRET	yDMQDc	other	Irreversable
Caspase8
Bid cleavage sensor	Onuki R et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002	FRET	Bid cleavage sensor	other	Irreversable
single polypeptide FPX caspase 8 sensor	Ding Y et al. Nat Methods 2015	Ratiometric	FPX caspase 8 sensor	other	Irreversable
IC-RP	Albeck JG et al. Mol Cell 2008	FRET	IC-RP	other
Caspase9
SCAT9	Takemoto K et al. J Cell Biol 2003	FRET	SCAT9	other
Enterokinase
hGluc-EK-tdTomato	Li F et al. Talanta 2013	BRET	BRET-based	other
Matriptase
ddRFP-matriptase	Mitchell AC et al. ACS Chem Biol 2018	Intensity	ddFP-based	other
Mpro
mNG-Mpro-NLuc	Geethakumari AM et al. Commun Chem 2022	BRET	BRET-based	other
FlipGFP (MPro cleavage seq)	Li X et al. PLoS Pathog 2021	Intensity	Flip-GFP	other
MT1-MMP
MT1-MMP Biosensor	Ouyang M et al. J Biol Chem 2008	FRET	MT1-MMP Biosensor	other	Irreversable
MT1-MMP Biosensor (mCherry/mOrange2)	Ouyang M et al. Cancer Res 2010	FRET	MT1-MMP Biosensor	other	for multiplexing with C/Y fret probes
TEV
ZipGFP	To TL et al. Cell Chem Biol 2016	Intensity	Flip-GFP	other
FlipGFP (TEV cleavage sequence)	Zhang Q et al. J Am Chem Soc 2019	Intensity	Flip-GFP	other
Receptors/GPCRs
A1R
A1R - FL Gαi SPASM	Malik RU et al. Sci Rep 2017	FRET	A1R SPASM	binding
A1R - FL Gαs SPASM	Malik RU et al. Sci Rep 2017	FRET	A1R SPASM	binding
alpha2A-AR
alpha2A-Nluc/HaloTag	Schihada H et al. Commun Biol 2018	BRET	Receptor Conformation Sensor	other
Beta1-AR
B1AR-dLight	Patriarchi T et al. Science 2018	Intensity	dLight	binding
Beta2-AR
β2AR-RLuc GFP-Ggamma2	Galés C et al. Nat Methods 2005	BRET	BRET^2 β2-AR Activation Probes	binding
β2AR-RLuc GFP-Gbeta1	Galés C et al. Nat Methods 2005	BRET	BRET^2 β2-AR Activation Probes	binding
β2AR-RLuc G alpha s-GFP10	Galés C et al. Nat Methods 2005	BRET	BRET^2 β2-AR Activation Probes	binding
B2AR-dLight	Patriarchi T et al. Science 2018	Intensity	dLight	binding
β2-AR-Gα SPASM	Malik RU et al. J Biol Chem 2013	FRET	β2-AR SPASM	binding
β2-AR FL Gαs SPASM	Malik RU et al. Sci Rep 2017	FRET	β2-AR SPASM	binding
β2-AR FL Gαq SPASM	Malik RU et al. Sci Rep 2017	FRET	β2-AR SPASM	binding
Nb80-GFP	Irannejad R et al. Nature 2013	Translocation	Nb80	binding
Beta2-Nluc/HaloTag	Schihada H et al. Commun Biol 2018	BRET	Receptor Conformation Sensor	other
Dictyostelium GPCR
Gβ-YFP + Gα2-CFP	Janetopoulos C et al. Science 2001	FRET	Labeled G proteins	binding
DRD2
DRD2-iTango	Lee D et al. Nat Methods 2017	Intensity	iTango	binding	Receptor activation in the presence of blue light will result in cleavage and expression of a reporter FP
FZD4
FZD4-cpGFP	Schihada H et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2021	Intensity	Receptor Conformation Sensor	other
FZD5
FZD5-cpGFP	Schihada H et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2021	Intensity	Receptor Conformation Sensor	other
FZD6
FZD6-cpGFP	Schihada H et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2021	Intensity	Receptor Conformation Sensor	other
FZD7
FZD7-cpGFP	Schihada H et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2021	Intensity	Receptor Conformation Sensor	other
Gα
MiniG	Wan Q et al. J Biol Chem 2018	FRET	Galpha activation	binding
MiniG(RLuc8-Venus)	Wan Q et al. J Biol Chem 2018	BRET	Galpha activation	binding
Gαi
Gαi1 Sensor v2	van Unen J et al. PLoS One 2016	FRET	Gαi Sensor	binding
Gαi2 Sensor v2	van Unen J et al. PLoS One 2016	FRET	Gαi Sensor	binding
Gαi3 Sensor v2	van Unen J et al. PLoS One 2016	FRET	Gαi Sensor	binding
Galphai1 v1	Gibson SK and Gilman AG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006	FRET	Gαi Sensor	binding
Galphai2 v1	Gibson SK and Gilman AG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006	FRET	Gαi Sensor	binding
G(alpha)i3 v1	Gibson SK and Gilman AG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006	FRET	Gαi Sensor	binding
Bunemann Gai-Gb1	Bünemann M et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003	FRET	Gαi Sensor	binding
Bunemann Gai-Gg2	Bünemann M et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003	FRET	Gαi Sensor	binding
Gαq
Gαq Sensor (v1)	Jensen JB et al. J Gen Physiol 2009	FRET	Gαq Sensor	binding
Gαq Sensor (v2)	Adjobo-Hermans MJ et al. BMC Biol 2011	FRET	Gαq Sensor	binding
Gαs
Gαs Sensor	Hein P et al. J Biol Chem 2006	FRET	Gαs Sensor	binding
RLucII-117-Gαs + GFP10-Gγ1	Thomsen ARB et al. Cell 2016	BRET	Gs Activation BRET Assay	binding
Nb37-YFP	Godbole A et al. Nat Commun 2017	Translocation	Nb37 based	binding	Nb37 recognizes nucleotide free Galphas
H3R
H3R-Nluc/HaloTag	Schihada H et al. ACS Sens 2020	BRET	Receptor Conformation Sensor	other
Heterotrimeric G Proteins
TRUPATH	Olsen RHJ et al. Nat Chem Biol 2020	BRET	αβγ trimerization	binding
G-CASE	Schihada H et al. Sci Signal 2021	BRET	αβγ trimerization	binding
α1-AR
α1-AR FL Gαq SPASM	Malik RU et al. Sci Rep 2017	FRET	α1-AR SPASM	binding
α2A-AR
A2AR-dLight	Patriarchi T et al. Science 2018	Intensity	dLight	binding
α2-AR FL Gαi SPASM	Malik RU et al. Sci Rep 2017	FRET	α2-AR SPASM	binding
α2-AR FL Gαs SPASM	Malik RU et al. Sci Rep 2017	FRET	α2-AR SPASM	binding
α2A-YFP + CFP-Ggamma2	Hein P et al. EMBO J 2005	FRET	α2A-AR + labeled G protein	binding
α2A-AR-Venus + RLuc-Ggamma2	Galés C et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2006	BRET	α2A-AR + labeled G protein	binding
α2A-AR-Venus + G alpha i1 - 91Rluc	Galés C et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2006	BRET	α2A-AR + labeled G protein	binding
α2A-AR-Venus + G alpha i1 - 122Rluc	Galés C et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2006	BRET	α2A-AR + labeled G protein	binding
α2A-AR-cam	Vilardaga JP et al. Nat Biotechnol 2003	FRET	α2A-AR activation sensor	binding
kappa-opioid receptor
KOR-dLight	Patriarchi T et al. Science 2018	Intensity	dLight	binding
M1R
M1R-EYFP-Cerulean	Jensen JB et al. J Gen Physiol 2009	FRET	M1R Activation Sensor	binding
M3R
hM3R-YFP-CFP	Kim YS et al. Nat Commun 2023	FRET	Receptor Conformation Sensor	binding
MT2
MT2-dLight	Patriarchi T et al. Science 2018	Intensity	dLight	binding
mu-opioid receptor
MOR-dLight	Patriarchi T et al. Science 2018	Intensity	dLight	binding
ODR-10
OGOR	Dacres H et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2011	BRET	OGOR	binding
opsin
opsin-Gα SPASM	Malik RU et al. J Biol Chem 2013	FRET	opsin SPASM	binding
PTH1R
PTH1R-Nluc/HaloTag	Schihada H et al. Commun Biol 2018	BRET	Receptor Conformation Sensor	other
PTHR
PTHR-cam	Vilardaga JP et al. Nat Biotechnol 2003	FRET	PTHR activation sensor	binding
TrkB
TrkB Sensor	Harward SC et al. Nature 2016	FLIM-FRET	TrkB-PLC interaction	phosphorylation
VEGF
BRET VEGF biosensor	Wimmer T et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2016	BRET	BRET VEGF biosensor	binding	Published more as an in vitro assay, not necessarily for measuring directly in cells?
Redox
H2O2
HyPer	Belousov VV et al. Nat Methods 2006	Excitation Ratiometric	HyPer	other
HyPerRed	Ermakova YG et al. Nat Commun 2014	Excitation Ratiometric	HyPer	other
HyPer-2	Markvicheva KN et al. Bioorg Med Chem 2011	Excitation Ratiometric	HyPer	other
HyPer-3	Bilan DS et al. ACS Chem Biol 2013	Excitation Ratiometric	HyPer	other
NeonOxIrr	Subach OM et al. Int J Mol Sci 2019	Intensity	HyPer	other
Hyper-7	Pak VV et al. Cell Metab 2020	Intensity	HyPer	other
roGFP2-Orp1	Gutscher M et al. J Biol Chem 2009	Excitation Ratiometric	roGFP based H2O2 sensor	other
roGFP2-GPx4	Gutscher M et al. J Biol Chem 2009	Excitation Ratiometric	roGFP based H2O2 sensor	other
roGFP2-Tsa2 delta Cr	Morgan B et al. Nat Chem Biol 2016	Excitation Ratiometric	roGFP based H2O2 sensor	other	dependent on thioredoxins
roGFP2-Tsa2 delta Cp delta Cr	Morgan B et al. Nat Chem Biol 2016	Excitation Ratiometric	roGFP based H2O2 sensor	other	dependent on thioredoxins
UFP-Tyr66pBoPhe	Wang F et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012	Intensity	Unnatural Amino Acid H2O2 sensor	other	Irreversable. requires orthogonal tRNA and synthetase pair for encoding pBoPhe p-boronatephenylalanine
OxyFRET	Enyedi B et al. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013	FRET	Yap1 based H2O2 sensor	other
PerFRET	Enyedi B et al. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013	FRET	Yap1 based H2O2 sensor	other
H2S
cpGFP-Tyr66pAzF	Chen S et al. J Am Chem Soc 2012	Intensity	pAzF H2S sensors	other	requires orthogonal tRNA and synthetase pair for encoding pAzF p-azidophenylalanine
hsGFP	Chen ZJ and Ai HW Biochemistry 2014	Intensity	pAzF H2S sensors	other	requires orthogonal tRNA and synthetase pair for encoding pAzF p-azidophenylalanine
NADP+
Apollo-NADP+	Cameron WD et al. Nat Methods 2016	FRET	Apollo-NADP+	binding	Homo-FRET Measures NADP+
NADPsor	Zhao FL et al. Biosens Bioelectron 2016	FRET	NADPsor	binding	specifically measures NADP+
NADP+:NADPH Ratio
NADP-Snifit	Sallin O et al. Elife 2018	FRET	NADP-Snifit	binding	Also created a version with HaloTag replaced with EGFP in the supplement of 29809136
NADPH
iNap1	Tao R et al. Nat Methods 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	iNap	binding	Kd NADPH 2.0 uM
iNap2	Tao R et al. Nat Methods 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	iNap	binding	Kd NADPH 6.4 uM
iNap3	Tao R et al. Nat Methods 2017	Excitation Ratiometric	iNap	binding	Kd NADPH 25.2 uM
SNAP-P30-[cpNLuc inserted]eDHFR	Yu Q et al. Science 2018	BRET	Semi-synthetic BRET Sensor	binding	Semi-synthetic Used for paper-based assay.
NO
FRET-MT	Pearce LL et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000	FRET	FRET-MT	other
geNOps	Eroglu E et al. Nat Commun 2016	Intensity	geNOps	binding
NOA-1	Sato M et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005	FRET	sGC based NO biosensor	other
Piccell	Sato M et al. Anal Chem 2006	FRET	sGC based NO biosensor	other	NO stimulates the soluble guanaylyl cyclase to release cGMP which then CGY-del1 reports
OHP
OHSer	Zhao BS et al. J Am Chem Soc 2010	Intensity	OHSer	other
ONOO-
pnGFP	Chen ZJ et al. J Am Chem Soc 2013	Intensity	pnGFP	other	Requires orthogonal aminoacyltRNA and synthase to incode pBoF (p-boronophenylalanine)
redox status
HSP-FRET	Waypa GB et al. Circ Res 2006	FRET	HSP33	other
ECFP-RL-EYFP	Kolossov VL et al. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008	FRET	redox-sensitive linker	other
CY-RL7	Kolossov VL et al. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011	FRET	redox-sensitive linker	other
RedoxFluor	Yano T et al. Mol Cell Biol 2010	FRET	redox-sensitive linker	other
roGFP1	Hanson GT et al. J Biol Chem 2004	Excitation Ratiometric	roFP	other
roGFP2	Hanson GT et al. J Biol Chem 2004	Excitation Ratiometric	roFP	other
roGFP1-Rx Family	Cannon MB and Remington SJ Protein Sci 2006	Excitation Ratiometric	roFP	other	x variants 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, most are faster than roGFP1
Grx1-roGFP2	Gutscher M et al. Nat Methods 2008	Excitation Ratiometric	roFP	other
roGFP1-iX	Lohman JR and Remington SJ Biochemistry 2008	Excitation Ratiometric	roFP	other	X indicates amino acid inserted into position 147a
Grx1-roCherry	Shokhina AG et al. Redox Biol 2018	Intensity	roFP	other
roKate	0	Intensity	roFP	other	https://vestnikrgmu.ru/files/issues/2019/1/2019-1-13_en.pdf?lang=en
rxRFP	Fan Y et al. Anal Chem 2015	Intensity	rxRFP	other	has pH dependence
rxRFP1.X Sensitivity series	Fan Y and Ai HW Anal Bioanal Chem 2016	Intensity	rxRFP	other
TrxRFP1	Fan Y et al. Nat Chem Biol 2017	Intensity	rxRFP	other	Redox of Trx1 specificity
rxYFP^149_202	Ostergaard H et al. EMBO J 2001	Intensity	rxYFP	other
rxYFP-Grx1p	Björnberg O et al. Biochemistry 2006	Intensity	rxYFP	other
ROS
pHaROS-red	Zhao H et al. J Biol Chem 2019	Excitation Ratiometric	pHaROS	other	ratio of green and red fluroescence intensities upon excitation by 488 or 561nm
GRX1-pHaROS	Zhao H et al. J Biol Chem 2019	Excitation Ratiometric	pHaROS	other	ratio of green and red fluroescence intensities upon excitation by 488 or 561nm
pHaROS	Zhao H et al. J Biol Chem 2019	Excitation Ratiometric	pHaROS	other	ratio of green and red fluroescence intensities upon excitation by 488 or 561nm
superoxide
mt-cpYFP	Wang W et al. Cell 2008	Intensity	mt-cpYFP	other	Controversial! May just be sensing pH changes, see Lukyanov and Belousov BBA 2014.
Small G-Protein
Cdc42
(CDC42) GEF Sensor	Seth A et al. Biochemistry 2003	FRET	(CDC42) GEF Sensor	binding
CDC42 Biosensor	Hanna S et al. PLoS One 2014	FRET	CDC42 Biosensor	binding
Cdc42 FRET (mRuby2/mCherry (I202Y))	Nakahata Y et al. Sci Rep 2016	FLIM-FRET	Cdc42 FRET	binding	single color red
Cdc42 FRET	Murakoshi H et al. Nature 2011	FLIM-FRET	Cdc42 FRET	binding
Cdc42-CyRM	Laviv T et al. Nat Methods 2016	FLIM-FRET	Cdc42 FRET	binding
CRIB Raichu	Itoh RE et al. Mol Cell Biol 2002	FRET	CDC42 Raichu	binding
CDC42 Raichu	Itoh RE et al. Mol Cell Biol 2002	FRET	CDC42 Raichu	binding
Cdc42-2G	Martin K et al. Sci Rep 2016	FRET	Cdc42-2G	binding
R-Cdc42	Kim J et al. Nat Commun 2019	Intensity	ddFP Cdc42 Biosensor	binding
GDI Cdc42 FLARE	Hodgson L et al. Nat Chem Biol 2016	FRET	GDI Cdc42 FLARE	binding
Rab13
Rab13	Ioannou MS et al. J Cell Biol 2015	FRET	Rab13	other
Rab5
Rab5 Raichu	Kitano M et al. Nature 2008	FRET	Rab5 Raichu	binding
Rac1
R-Rac1	Kim J et al. Nat Commun 2019	Intensity	ddFP Rac1 sensors	binding
FLAIR	Kraynov VS et al. Science 2000	FRET	FLAIR	binding
Rac1-FLARE	Machacek M et al. Nature 2009	FRET	FLARE	phosphorylation
GDI Rac1 FLARE	Hodgson L et al. Nat Chem Biol 2016	FRET	GDI Rac1 FLARE	binding	GDI binding to Rac1 causes a change in FRET
Rac1 Raichu EV	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	Rac1 Raichu	binding
Rac1 Raichu	Itoh RE et al. Mol Cell Biol 2002	FRET	Rac1 Raichu	binding
CRIB Raichu	Itoh RE et al. Mol Cell Biol 2002	FRET	Rac1 Raichu	binding	Binds both Rac1 and Cdc42
Rac1-2G	Fritz RD et al. Dev Cell 2015	FRET	Single Chain Rac1 biosensors	binding
Single-chain Rac1 Biosensor	Moshfegh Y et al. Nat Cell Biol 2014	FRET	Single Chain Rac1 biosensors	binding
Single chain Rac1 Biosensor v2	Miskolci V et al. J Immunol 2016	FRET	Single Chain Rac1 biosensors	binding
NIR Rac1 Biosensor	Shcherbakova DM et al. Nat Chem Biol 2018	FRET	Single Chain Rac1 biosensors	binding
Rac2
Single Chain Rac2 biosensor	Miskolci V et al. J Immunol 2016	FRET	Single Chain Rac2 biosensors	binding
Rac3
Single Chain Rac3 biosensor	Donnelly SK et al. J Cell Biol 2017	FRET	Single Chain Rac3 biosensors	binding
Ral
Raichu-RalA	Takaya A et al. Mol Biol Cell 2004	FRET	Raichu-Ral	binding
Raichu-RalB	Takaya A et al. Mol Biol Cell 2004	FRET	Raichu-Ral	binding
Ran
YRC	Kalab P et al. Science 2002	FRET	Ran FRET probes	binding
YIC	Kalab P et al. Science 2002	FRET	Ran FRET probes	binding	Monitoring Ran activity by promoting the release of importin beta cargo
Rap1
Rap1 Raichu	Mochizuki N et al. Nature 2001	FRET	Rap1 Raichu	binding
Rap1A-FLARE	O'Shaughnessy EC et al. J Cell Biol 2019	FRET	Rap1-FLARE	binding	Expressed as a single mRNA and post-translationally cleaved to yield two identically-expressed chains
Rap1B-FLARE	O'Shaughnessy EC et al. J Cell Biol 2019	FRET	Rap1-FLARE	binding	Expressed as single chain and post-translationally cleaved to yield two chains
Ras
G-KRas	Kim J et al. Nat Commun 2019	Intensity	ddFP Ras Biosensor	binding
R-KRas	Kim J et al. Nat Commun 2019	Intensity	ddFP Ras Biosensor	binding
DORA Ras	Ng KY et al. Oncogene 2015	FRET	DORA Ras	binding
FRas	Yasuda R et al. Nat Neurosci 2006	FLIM	FRas	binding
FRas-F	Yasuda R et al. Nat Neurosci 2006	FLIM	FRas	binding
FRas2-F	Oliveira AF and Yasuda R PLoS One 2013	FLIM	FRas	binding
FRas2-M	Oliveira AF and Yasuda R PLoS One 2013	FLIM	FRas	binding
ShadowY H-Ras Sensor	Murakoshi H and Shibata ACE Sci Rep 2017	FLIM-FRET	FRas	binding	also showed it worked for Clover and Clover mutant for donor
ShadowG FRas2-M	Murakoshi H et al. Sci Rep 2015	FLIM-FRET	FRas	binding
Ras Raichu	Mochizuki N et al. Nature 2001	FRET	Ras Raichu	binding
Ras Raichu EV	Komatsu N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2011	FRET	Ras Raichu	binding
RasAR	Weeks R et al. J Am Chem Soc 2022	FRET	RasAR	binding
Rho
dimericTomato-2xrGBD	Mahlandt EK et al. J Cell Sci 2021	Translocation	GBD	binding
RhoA
GDI-RhoA FLARE	Hodgson L et al. Nat Chem Biol 2016	FRET	GDI-RhoA FLARE	binding	GDI binding to RhoA causes a change in FRET
RhoA FLARE \| RhoA1G	Pertz O et al. Nature 2006	FRET	RhoA FLARE	binding
RhoA2G	Fritz RD et al. Sci Signal 2013	FRET	RhoA FLARE	binding
RhoA DORA	van Unen J et al. Sci Rep 2015	FRET	RhoA FLARE	binding
bimolecular RhoA Biosensor	Machacek M et al. Nature 2009	FRET	RhoA FLARE	binding
RhoA FRET (mRuby2/mCherry (I202Y))	Nakahata Y et al. Sci Rep 2016	FLIM-FRET	RhoA FRET	binding	single color red
RhoA-FRET	Murakoshi H et al. Nature 2011	FLIM-FRET	RhoA FRET	binding
RhoA-CyRM	Laviv T et al. Nat Methods 2016	FLIM-FRET	RhoA FRET	binding
RhoA Raichu	Yoshizaki H et al. J Cell Biol 2003	FRET	RhoA Raichu	binding
RBD Raichu	Nakamura T et al. Methods Enzymol 2006	FRET	RhoA Raichu	binding
RhoA Raichu CR	Lam AJ et al. Nat Methods 2012	FRET	RhoA Raichu	binding
RhoB
RhoB FRET Sensor	Reinhard NR et al. Sci Rep 2016	FRET	DORA RhoB	binding
RhoC
RhoC FRET Sensor	Reinhard NR et al. Sci Rep 2016	FRET	DORA RhoC
RhoC FLARE	Zawistowski JS et al. PLoS One 2013	FRET	RhoC FLARE	binding
RhoQ
TC10 Raichu	Kawase K et al. Dev Cell 2006	FRET	TC10 Raichu	binding
RRas
RRas Raichu	Takaya A et al. Mol Biol Cell 2007	FRET	RRas Raichu	binding